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319715 occurrences (No.67 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
119) Crocin, a constituent of saffron, has hepatoprotective effects due to its antioxidant activity.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:23406950 DOI:10.1177/0748233713475519
2015 Toxicology and industrial health
* Evaluation of diazinon-induced hepatotoxicity and protective effects of crocin.
- Diazinon (DZN) is one of the most widely used insecticides in agricultural pest control. Previous studies have shown that DZN may induce hepatotoxicity. Reactive oxygen species and apoptosis pathways are involved in the toxicity of DZN. Crocin, a constituent of saffron, has hepatoprotective effects due to its antioxidant activity. In this study, we examined the effects of subacute DZN exposure and ameliorating effect of crocin on lipid peroxidation and pathological changes in rat liver. Moreover, protein levels of activated and total caspases-3 and -9 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were measured. Five groups of rats were used in the experiment. Corn oil (control), DZN (15 mg/kg per day, orally) and crocin (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg per day, intraperitoneally in combination with DZN) were given to male Wistar rats (n = 6) for 4 weeks. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly in DZN group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). MDA level decreased significantly in the group that received DZN plus 25 mg crocin (p < 0.001). No gross or histological evidence of treatment-related damage to the liver after oral exposure to DZN was observed. DZN also induced apoptosis through activation of caspases-9 and -3 and increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Crocin attenuated the activation of caspases and reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. It is concluded that subacute exposure to DZN induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and crocin may reduce DZN-induced hepatotoxicity.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
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[frequency of next (right) word to due to]
(1)115 the (10)4 insufficient (19)2 cardiac (28)2 pannus
(2)30 its (11)3 changes (20)2 common (29)2 potential
(3)30 their (12)3 increased (21)2 condom (30)2 previous
(4)20 a (13)3 low (22)2 environmental (31)2 primary
(5)9 an (14)3 multiple (23)2 extreme (32)2 progressive
(6)5 limited (15)3 poor (24)2 inadequate (33)2 prolonged
(7)4 differences (16)3 possible (25)2 inflammation (34)2 similarities
(8)4 different (17)2 abnormal (26)2 lack (35)2 some
(9)4 high (18)2 anthropogenic (27)2 major

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--- WordNet output for due --- =>1.予定の, 支払期日がきて, 当然支払われるべき, 2.支払[提出]期日, 満期日, 会費 Overview of noun due The noun due has 2 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (4) due -- (that which is deserved or owed; "give the devil his due") 2. due -- (a payment that is due (e.g., as the price of membership); "the society dropped him for non-payment of dues") Overview of adj due The adj due has 4 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (6) due -- (owed and payable immediately or on demand; "payment is due") 2. (1) due -- (scheduled to arrive; "the train is due in 15 minutes") 3. due -- (suitable to or expected in the circumstances; "all due respect"; "due cause to honor them"; "a long due promotion"; "in due course"; "due esteem"; "exercising due care") 4. ascribable, due, imputable, referable -- (capable of being assigned or credited to; "punctuation errors ascribable to careless proofreading"; "the cancellation of the concert was due to the rain"; "the oversight was not imputable to him") Overview of adv due The adv due has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1. due -- (directly or exactly; straight; "went due North") --- WordNet end ---