2015 European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
* Safety of transtympanic application of 4 % manuka honey in a chinchilla animal model.
- The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of manuka honey (MH) are currently being explored in the treatment of chronic recalcitrant rhinosinusitis. Due to similarities between chronic rhinosinusitis and chronic otitis, manuka honey may find applications in the management of challenging cases of chronic otitis media implicating biofilms. The goal of this study was to investigate the safety of topical application of 4 % MH in the middle ear. Eleven adult female chinchillas had one of their ears randomly assigned to receive transtympanic 4 % MH, while the contralateral ear served as control. Auditory brainstem-evoked response (ABR) was performed before and after MH application. The facial nerve function and vestibular system were assessed clinically. The animals were euthanized one month following the last application, and the cochleae samples were processed for light and scanning electron microscopy. There was no statistically significant differences between ABR thresholds in both control and experimental ears before and after the application of MH. No morphological differences were seen in both groups of cochleae. The outer hair cell counts for both groups were comparable. Our results suggest that 4 % MH appears not toxic to the cells of the cochlea after 4 weeks of application. The long-term effects of prolonged contact on the structure and function of the cochlea however need further investigations.
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Overview of noun effects
The noun effects has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts)
1. effects, personal effects -- (property of a personal character that is portable but not used in
business; "she left some of her personal effects in the house"; "I watched over their effects until
they returned")
Overview of noun effect
The noun effect has 6 senses (first 5 from tagged texts)
1. (101) consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot -- (a phenomenon that follows
and is caused by some previous phenomenon; "the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was
lengthwise"; "his decision had depressing consequences for business"; "he acted very wise after the
event")
2. (11) impression, effect -- (an outward appearance; "he made a good impression"; "I wanted to
create an impression of success"; "she retained that bold effect in her reproductions of the
original painting")
3. (9) effect -- (an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); "he just did it
for effect")
4. (2) effect, essence, burden, core, gist -- (the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary
work)
5. (1) effect, force -- ((of a law) having legal validity; "the law is still in effect")
6. effect -- (a symptom caused by an illness or a drug; "the effects of sleep loss"; "the effect of
the anesthetic")
Overview of verb effect
The verb effect has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (17) effect, effectuate, set up -- (produce; "The scientists set up a shock wave")
2. (3) effect -- (act so as to bring into existence; "effect a change")
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