ELIZA

return kwic search for first out of >500 occurrences
378430 occurrences (No.48 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

193) A spectrum of radiation-induced non-targeted effects has been reported during the last two decades since Nagasawa and Little first described a phenomenon in cultured cells that was later called the "bystander effect".

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24041866 DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2013.09.008

2015 Cancer letters

* Oxidative DNA damage caused by inflammation may link to stress-induced non-targeted effects.

- A spectrum of radiation-induced non-targeted effects has been reported during the last two decades since Nagasawa and Little first described a phenomenon in cultured cells that was later called the "bystander effect". These non-targeted effects include radiotherapy-related abscopal effects, where changes in organs or tissues occur distant from the irradiated region. The spectrum of non-targeted effects continue to broaden over time and now embrace many types of exogenous and endogenous stressors that induce a systemic genotoxic response including a widely studied tumor microenvironment. Here we discuss processes and factors leading to DNA damage induction in non-targeted cells and tissues and highlight similarities in the regulation of systemic effects caused by different stressors.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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(1)32 time	(19)5 meaningful	(37)2 5	(55)2 marriage
(2)21 report	(20)4 line	(38)2 6	(56)2 meta-analysis
(3)11 and	(21)3 14	(39)2 72	(57)2 mitochondrial
(4)11 to	(22)3 3	(40)2 application	(58)2 months
(5)10 time,	(23)3 complete	(41)2 approach	(59)2 myocardial
(6)9 year	(24)3 described	(42)2 article	(60)2 postnatal
(7)8 2	(25)3 in	(43)2 attempt	(61)2 presented
(8)8 molar	(26)3 it	(44)2 choice	(62)2 relapse
(9)8 reported	(27)3 order	(45)2 clinical	(63)2 smear
(10)8 step	(28)3 postoperative	(46)2 component	(64)2 stage
(11)8 we	(29)3 record	(47)2 comprehensive	(65)2 step,
(12)7 case	(30)3 sequenced	(48)2 concern	(66)2 test
(13)6 determined	(31)3 the	(49)2 course	(67)2 that
(14)6 group	(32)3 treatment	(50)2 demonstration	(68)2 therapy
(15)6 study	(33)3 two	(51)2 few	(69)2 trimester
(16)5 dose	(34)3 was	(52)2 intentions	(70)2 trimester,
(17)5 evidence	(35)2 null	(53)2 introduction	(71)2 using
(18)5 generation	(36)2 30	(54)2 left

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--- WordNet output for first --- =>初めて, 最初の, 第一の, はじめに, 最初, 第1 Overview of noun first The noun first has 6 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (9) first, number one -- (the first or highest in an ordering or series; "He wanted to be the first") 2. (5) first, number one, number 1 -- (the first element in a countable series; "the first of the month") 3. (1) beginning, commencement, first, outset, get-go, start, kickoff, starting time, showtime, offset -- (the time at which something is supposed to begin; "they got an early start"; "she knew from the get-go that he was the man for her") 4. (1) first base, first -- (the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed at first of the bases in the infield (counting counterclockwise from home plate)) 5. first, first-class honours degree -- (an honours degree of the highest class) 6. first gear, first, low gear, low -- (the lowest forward gear ratio in the gear box of a motor vehicle; used to start a car moving) Overview of adj first The adj first has 6 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (232) first -- (preceding all others in time or space or degree; "the first house on the right"; "the first day of spring"; "his first political race"; "her first baby"; "the first time"; "the first meetings of the new party"; "the first phase of his training") 2. (61) first, 1st -- (indicating the beginning unit in a series) 3. (4) inaugural, initiative, initiatory, first, maiden -- (serving to set in motion; "the magazine's inaugural issue"; "the initiative phase in the negotiations"; "an initiatory step toward a treaty"; "his first (or maiden) speech in Congress"; "the liner's maiden voyage") 4. (4) beginning, first -- (serving to begin; "the beginning canto of the poem"; "the first verse") 5. (3) first, foremost, world-class -- (ranking above all others; "was first in her class"; "the foremost figure among marine artists"; "the top graduate") 6. first -- (highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections; "first soprano"; "the first violin section"; "played first horn") Overview of adv first The adv first has 4 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (58) first, firstly, foremost, first of all, first off -- (before anything else; "first we must consider the garter snake") 2. (40) first, for the first time -- (the initial time; "when Felix first saw a garter snake") 3. (9) first -- (before another in time, space, or importance; "I was here first"; "let's do this job first") 4. (4) foremost, first -- (prominently forward; "he put his best foot foremost") --- WordNet end ---