* Genetic variability of Echinococcus granulosus based on the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene.
- Echinococcus granulosus is the etiological agent of cystic echinococcosis, a major zoonotic disease of both humans and animals. In this study, we assessed genetic variability and genetic structure of E. granulosus in the Tibet plateau, using the complete mitochondrial 16 S ribosomal RNA gene for the first time. We collected and sequenced 62 isolates of E. granulosus from 3 populations in the Tibet plateau. A BLAST analysis indicated that 61 isolates belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto (genotypes G1-G3), while one isolate belonged to E. canadensis (genotype G6). We detected 16 haplotypes with a haplotype network revealing a star-like expansion, with the most common haplotype occupying the center of the network. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were low, while negative values were observed for Tajima's D and Fu's Fs. AMOVA results and Fst values revealed that the three geographic populations were not genetically differentiated. Our results suggest that a population bottleneck or population expansion has occurred in the past, and that this explains the low genetic variability of E. granulosus in the Tibet Plateau.
=>初めて, 最初の, 第一の, はじめに, 最初, 第1
Overview of noun first
The noun first has 6 senses (first 4 from tagged texts)
1. (9) first, number one -- (the first or highest in an ordering or series; "He wanted to be the
first")
2. (5) first, number one, number 1 -- (the first element in a countable series; "the first of the
month")
3. (1) beginning, commencement, first, outset, get-go, start, kickoff, starting time, showtime,
offset -- (the time at which something is supposed to begin; "they got an early start"; "she knew
from the get-go that he was the man for her")
4. (1) first base, first -- (the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed
at first of the bases in the infield (counting counterclockwise from home plate))
5. first, first-class honours degree -- (an honours degree of the highest class)
6. first gear, first, low gear, low -- (the lowest forward gear ratio in the gear box of a motor
vehicle; used to start a car moving)
Overview of adj first
The adj first has 6 senses (first 5 from tagged texts)
1. (232) first -- (preceding all others in time or space or degree; "the first house on the right";
"the first day of spring"; "his first political race"; "her first baby"; "the first time"; "the
first meetings of the new party"; "the first phase of his training")
2. (61) first, 1st -- (indicating the beginning unit in a series)
3. (4) inaugural, initiative, initiatory, first, maiden -- (serving to set in motion; "the
magazine's inaugural issue"; "the initiative phase in the negotiations"; "an initiatory step toward
a treaty"; "his first (or maiden) speech in Congress"; "the liner's maiden voyage")
4. (4) beginning, first -- (serving to begin; "the beginning canto of the poem"; "the first verse")
5. (3) first, foremost, world-class -- (ranking above all others; "was first in her class"; "the
foremost figure among marine artists"; "the top graduate")
6. first -- (highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections;
"first soprano"; "the first violin section"; "played first horn")
Overview of adv first
The adv first has 4 senses (first 4 from tagged texts)
1. (58) first, firstly, foremost, first of all, first off -- (before anything else; "first we must
consider the garter snake")
2. (40) first, for the first time -- (the initial time; "when Felix first saw a garter snake")
3. (9) first -- (before another in time, space, or importance; "I was here first"; "let's do this
job first")
4. (4) foremost, first -- (prominently forward; "he put his best foot foremost")
--- WordNet end ---