ELIZA cgi-bash version rev. 1.90
- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

return kwic search for first out of >500 occurrences
378430 occurrences (No.48 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
72) The present study is the first to show that perceptual read-out is superior in situations allowing the subject to base perception on detailed trajectory cues, that is, instantaneous kinematic variables.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:24169940 DOI:10.1093/cercor/bht305
2015 Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
* Vibrotactile discrimination in the rat whisker system is based on neuronal coding of instantaneous kinematic cues.
- Which physical parameter of vibrissa deflections is extracted by the rodent tactile system for discrimination? Particularly, it remains unclear whether perception has access to instantaneous kinematic parameters (i.e., the details of the trajectory) or relies on temporally integration of the movement trajectory such as frequency (e.g., spectral information) and intensity (e.g., mean speed). Here, we use a novel detection of change paradigm in head-fixed rats, which presents pulsatile vibrissa stimuli in seamless sequence for discrimination. This procedure ensures that processes of decision making can directly tap into sensory signals (no memory functions involved). We find that discrimination performance based on instantaneous kinematic cues far exceeds the ones provided by frequency and intensity. Neuronal modeling based on barrel cortex single units shows that small populations of sensitive neurons provide a transient signal that optimally fits the characteristic of the subject's perception. The present study is the first to show that perceptual read-out is superior in situations allowing the subject to base perception on detailed trajectory cues, that is, instantaneous kinematic variables. A possible impact of this finding on tactile systems of other species is suggested by evidence for instantaneous coding also in primates.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
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(1)32 time (19)5 meaningful (37)2 5 (55)2 marriage
(2)21 report (20)4 line (38)2 6 (56)2 meta-analysis
(3)11 and (21)3 14 (39)2 72 (57)2 mitochondrial
(4)11 to (22)3 3 (40)2 application (58)2 months
(5)10 time, (23)3 complete (41)2 approach (59)2 myocardial
(6)9 year (24)3 described (42)2 article (60)2 postnatal
(7)8 2 (25)3 in (43)2 attempt (61)2 presented
(8)8 molar (26)3 it (44)2 choice (62)2 relapse
(9)8 reported (27)3 order (45)2 clinical (63)2 smear
(10)8 step (28)3 postoperative (46)2 component (64)2 stage
(11)8 we (29)3 record (47)2 comprehensive (65)2 step,
(12)7 case (30)3 sequenced (48)2 concern (66)2 test
(13)6 determined (31)3 the (49)2 course (67)2 that
(14)6 group (32)3 treatment (50)2 demonstration (68)2 therapy
(15)6 study (33)3 two (51)2 few (69)2 trimester
(16)5 dose (34)3 was (52)2 intentions (70)2 trimester,
(17)5 evidence (35)2 *null* (53)2 introduction (71)2 using
(18)5 generation (36)2 30 (54)2 left

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--- WordNet output for first --- =>初めて, 最初の, 第一の, はじめに, 最初, 第1 Overview of noun first The noun first has 6 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (9) first, number one -- (the first or highest in an ordering or series; "He wanted to be the first") 2. (5) first, number one, number 1 -- (the first element in a countable series; "the first of the month") 3. (1) beginning, commencement, first, outset, get-go, start, kickoff, starting time, showtime, offset -- (the time at which something is supposed to begin; "they got an early start"; "she knew from the get-go that he was the man for her") 4. (1) first base, first -- (the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed at first of the bases in the infield (counting counterclockwise from home plate)) 5. first, first-class honours degree -- (an honours degree of the highest class) 6. first gear, first, low gear, low -- (the lowest forward gear ratio in the gear box of a motor vehicle; used to start a car moving) Overview of adj first The adj first has 6 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (232) first -- (preceding all others in time or space or degree; "the first house on the right"; "the first day of spring"; "his first political race"; "her first baby"; "the first time"; "the first meetings of the new party"; "the first phase of his training") 2. (61) first, 1st -- (indicating the beginning unit in a series) 3. (4) inaugural, initiative, initiatory, first, maiden -- (serving to set in motion; "the magazine's inaugural issue"; "the initiative phase in the negotiations"; "an initiatory step toward a treaty"; "his first (or maiden) speech in Congress"; "the liner's maiden voyage") 4. (4) beginning, first -- (serving to begin; "the beginning canto of the poem"; "the first verse") 5. (3) first, foremost, world-class -- (ranking above all others; "was first in her class"; "the foremost figure among marine artists"; "the top graduate") 6. first -- (highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections; "first soprano"; "the first violin section"; "played first horn") Overview of adv first The adv first has 4 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (58) first, firstly, foremost, first of all, first off -- (before anything else; "first we must consider the garter snake") 2. (40) first, for the first time -- (the initial time; "when Felix first saw a garter snake") 3. (9) first -- (before another in time, space, or importance; "I was here first"; "let's do this job first") 4. (4) foremost, first -- (prominently forward; "he put his best foot foremost") --- WordNet end ---