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74) Two objectives motivated this study: first, to illustrate the relationship between the ERN and anxious symptoms, and the relationship between the FN and depressive symptoms; second, to explore whether the ERN and the FN relate uniquely to anxiety and depression, respectively, in children.
2015 Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53
* Differentiating anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: evidence from event-related brain potentials.
- The current study, which was a reanalysis of previous data, focused on the error-related negativity (ERN)-an event-related potential (ERP) associated with error monitoring-and the feedback negativity (FN)-an ERP associated with reward processing. Two objectives motivated this study: first, to illustrate the relationship between the ERN and anxious symptoms, and the relationship between the FN and depressive symptoms; second, to explore whether the ERN and the FN relate uniquely to anxiety and depression, respectively, in children. EEG was collected from twenty-five 11- to 13-year-old participants (12 female; 23 Caucasian, 1 Asian, 1 of Caucasian and Hispanic ethnicity) during tasks designed to elicit an ERN and an FN. Participants and a parent completed questionnaires assessing the participant's anxious and depressive symptomatology. Increasing anxiety was related to a larger ERN, and increasing depression was related to a smaller FN. Further analysis demonstrated that these relationships remained significant when controlling for the contribution of other variables; that is, the ERN continued to predict anxiety when controlling for the FN and depression, and the FN continued to predict depression when controlling for the ERN and anxiety. Thus, in late childhood and early adolescence, the ERN and the FN appear to relate uniquely to anxious and depressive symptoms, respectively. Although this research is still in early stages, the ERN and the FN have the potential to inform trajectories of risk for anxiety and depression, and could be utilized in clinical settings as cost- and labor-efficient neural biomarkers.
=>初めて, 最初の, 第一の, はじめに, 最初, 第1
Overview of noun first
The noun first has 6 senses (first 4 from tagged texts)
1. (9) first, number one -- (the first or highest in an ordering or series; "He wanted to be the
first")
2. (5) first, number one, number 1 -- (the first element in a countable series; "the first of the
month")
3. (1) beginning, commencement, first, outset, get-go, start, kickoff, starting time, showtime,
offset -- (the time at which something is supposed to begin; "they got an early start"; "she knew
from the get-go that he was the man for her")
4. (1) first base, first -- (the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed
at first of the bases in the infield (counting counterclockwise from home plate))
5. first, first-class honours degree -- (an honours degree of the highest class)
6. first gear, first, low gear, low -- (the lowest forward gear ratio in the gear box of a motor
vehicle; used to start a car moving)
Overview of adj first
The adj first has 6 senses (first 5 from tagged texts)
1. (232) first -- (preceding all others in time or space or degree; "the first house on the right";
"the first day of spring"; "his first political race"; "her first baby"; "the first time"; "the
first meetings of the new party"; "the first phase of his training")
2. (61) first, 1st -- (indicating the beginning unit in a series)
3. (4) inaugural, initiative, initiatory, first, maiden -- (serving to set in motion; "the
magazine's inaugural issue"; "the initiative phase in the negotiations"; "an initiatory step toward
a treaty"; "his first (or maiden) speech in Congress"; "the liner's maiden voyage")
4. (4) beginning, first -- (serving to begin; "the beginning canto of the poem"; "the first verse")
5. (3) first, foremost, world-class -- (ranking above all others; "was first in her class"; "the
foremost figure among marine artists"; "the top graduate")
6. first -- (highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections;
"first soprano"; "the first violin section"; "played first horn")
Overview of adv first
The adv first has 4 senses (first 4 from tagged texts)
1. (58) first, firstly, foremost, first of all, first off -- (before anything else; "first we must
consider the garter snake")
2. (40) first, for the first time -- (the initial time; "when Felix first saw a garter snake")
3. (9) first -- (before another in time, space, or importance; "I was here first"; "let's do this
job first")
4. (4) foremost, first -- (prominently forward; "he put his best foot foremost")
--- WordNet end ---