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return kwic search for functional out of >500 occurrences
267449 occurrences (No.100 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

213) Our model of a simplified molecular network controlling cell decision provides a realistic functional unit of mammalian erythropoiesis that integrates multiple microenvironmental influences within the erythroblastic island with those of circulating regulators of erythropoiesis, such as EPO and glucocorticosteroids, that are produced at remote sites.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24496930 DOI:10.1007/s00285-014-0758-y

2015 Journal of mathematical biology

* The role of spatial organization of cells in erythropoiesis.

- Erythropoiesis, the process of red blood cell production, occurs mainly in the bone marrow. The functional unit of mammalian erythropoiesis, the erythroblastic island, consists of a central macrophage surrounded by adherent erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-E/Pro-EBs) and their differentiating progeny, the erythroblasts. Central macrophages display on their surface or secrete various growth or inhibitory factors that influence the fate of the surrounding erythroid cells. CFU-E/Pro-EBs have three possible fates: (a) expansion of their numbers without differentiation, (b) differentiation into reticulocytes that are released into the blood, (c) death by apoptosis. CFU-E/Pro-EB fate is under the control of a complex molecular network, that is highly dependent upon environmental conditions in the erythroblastic island. In order to assess the functional role of space coupled with the complex network behavior in erythroblastic islands, we developed hybrid discrete-continuous models of erythropoiesis. A model was developed in which cells are considered as individual physical objects, intracellular regulatory networks are modeled with ordinary differential equations and extracellular concentrations by partial differential equations. We used the model to investigate the impact of an important difference between humans and mice in which mature late-stage erythroblasts produce the most Fas-ligand in humans, whereas early-stage erythroblasts produce the most Fas-ligand in mice. Although the global behaviors of the erythroblastic islands in both species were similar, differences were found, including a relatively slower response time to acute anemia in humans. Also, our modeling approach was very consistent with in vitro culture data, where the central macrophage in reconstituted erythroblastic islands has a strong impact on the dynamics of red blood cell production. The specific spatial organization of erythroblastic islands is key to the normal, stable functioning of mammalian erythropoiesis, both in vitro and in vivo. Our model of a simplified molecular network controlling cell decision provides a realistic functional unit of mammalian erythropoiesis that integrates multiple microenvironmental influences within the erythroblastic island with those of circulating regulators of erythropoiesis, such as EPO and glucocorticosteroids, that are produced at remote sites.

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[frequency of next (right) word to functional]

(1)50 magnetic	(18)4 gastrointestinal	(35)3 integration	(52)2 connections
(2)38 connectivity	(19)4 outcome	(36)3 interactions	(53)2 differentiation
(3)29 and	(20)4 outcomes	(37)3 movement	(54)2 domains
(4)8 limitations	(21)4 relationships	(38)3 single	(55)2 endurance
(5)7 network	(22)4 unit	(39)3 status	(56)2 health
(6)7 recovery	(23)3 Assessment	(40)3 status,	(57)2 imaging
(7)7 role	(24)3 MRI	(41)3 studies	(58)2 impact
(8)6 changes	(25)3 Well-Being	(42)2 CD133	(59)2 integrity
(9)6 results	(26)3 activation	(43)2 HL	(60)2 losses
(10)5 alterations	(27)3 brain	(44)2 ability	(61)2 networks
(11)5 limitation	(28)3 consequences	(45)2 activity	(62)2 neuronal
(12)5 neuroimaging	(29)3 coupling	(46)2 analyses	(63)2 organization
(13)5 properties	(30)3 decline	(47)2 as	(64)2 parameters
(14)5 theory	(31)3 deficits	(48)2 assays	(65)2 roles
(15)4 capacity	(32)3 differences	(49)2 assessment	(66)2 significance
(16)4 connectivity,	(33)3 impairment	(50)2 characteristics	(67)2 specialization
(17)4 foods	(34)3 improvement	(51)2 cognitive

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--- WordNet output for functional --- =>機能の, 関数の, 機能する, 機能上の, 実用的な, 機能的な Overview of adj functional The adj functional has 6 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (3) functional -- (designed for or capable of a particular function or use; "a style of writing in which every word is functional"; "functional architecture") 2. (1) functional -- (involving or affecting function rather than physiology; "functional deafness") 3. functional -- (relating to or based on function especially as opposed to structure; "the problem now is not a constitutional one; it is a functional one"; "delegates elected on a functional rather than a geographical basis") 4. functional, usable, useable, operable, operational -- (fit or ready for use or service; "the toaster was still functional even after being dropped"; "the lawnmower is a bit rusty but still usable"; "an operational aircraft"; "the dishwasher is now in working order") 5. functional -- (designed for or adapted to a function or use; "functional education selects knowledge that is concrete and usable rather than abstract and theoretical"; "functional architecture") 6. running, operative, functional, working -- ((of e.g. a machine) performing or capable of performing; "in running (or working) order"; "a functional set of brakes") --- WordNet end ---