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267449 occurrences (No.100 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

353) Altogether, our data show that changes in the expression pattern of GABAergic markers and PNNs occur in regions of the sensorimotor cortex undergoing spontaneous reorganization after SCI, but suggest that these changes have to be tightly controlled to be of functional benefit.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24481829 DOI:10.1007/s00429-013-0701-9

2015 Brain structure & function

* Integrity of cortical perineuronal nets influences corticospinal tract plasticity after spinal cord injury.

- The rapid decline of injury-induced neuronal circuit remodelling after birth is paralleled by the accumulation of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the extracellular matrix, culminating with the appearance of perineuronal nets (PNNs) around parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons. We used a spinal cord injury (SCI) model to study the interplay between integrity of PNN CSPGs in the sensorimotor cortex, anatomical remodelling of the corticospinal tract (CST) and motor recovery in adult mice. We showed that thoracic SCI resulted in an atrophy of GABAergic interneurons in the axotomized hindlimb cortex, as well as in a more widespread downregulation of parvalbumin expression. In parallel, spontaneous changes in the integrity of CSPG glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains associated with PNNs occurred at the boundary between motor forelimb and sensorimotor hindlimb cortex, a region previously showed to undergo reorganization after thoracic SCI. Surprisingly, full digestion of CSPG GAG chains by intracortical chondroitinase ABC injection resulted in an aggravation of motor deficits and reduced sprouting of the axotomized CST above the lesion. Altogether, our data show that changes in the expression pattern of GABAergic markers and PNNs occur in regions of the sensorimotor cortex undergoing spontaneous reorganization after SCI, but suggest that these changes have to be tightly controlled to be of functional benefit.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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(1)50 magnetic	(18)4 gastrointestinal	(35)3 integration	(52)2 connections
(2)38 connectivity	(19)4 outcome	(36)3 interactions	(53)2 differentiation
(3)29 and	(20)4 outcomes	(37)3 movement	(54)2 domains
(4)8 limitations	(21)4 relationships	(38)3 single	(55)2 endurance
(5)7 network	(22)4 unit	(39)3 status	(56)2 health
(6)7 recovery	(23)3 Assessment	(40)3 status,	(57)2 imaging
(7)7 role	(24)3 MRI	(41)3 studies	(58)2 impact
(8)6 changes	(25)3 Well-Being	(42)2 CD133	(59)2 integrity
(9)6 results	(26)3 activation	(43)2 HL	(60)2 losses
(10)5 alterations	(27)3 brain	(44)2 ability	(61)2 networks
(11)5 limitation	(28)3 consequences	(45)2 activity	(62)2 neuronal
(12)5 neuroimaging	(29)3 coupling	(46)2 analyses	(63)2 organization
(13)5 properties	(30)3 decline	(47)2 as	(64)2 parameters
(14)5 theory	(31)3 deficits	(48)2 assays	(65)2 roles
(15)4 capacity	(32)3 differences	(49)2 assessment	(66)2 significance
(16)4 connectivity,	(33)3 impairment	(50)2 characteristics	(67)2 specialization
(17)4 foods	(34)3 improvement	(51)2 cognitive

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--- WordNet output for functional --- =>機能の, 関数の, 機能する, 機能上の, 実用的な, 機能的な Overview of adj functional The adj functional has 6 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (3) functional -- (designed for or capable of a particular function or use; "a style of writing in which every word is functional"; "functional architecture") 2. (1) functional -- (involving or affecting function rather than physiology; "functional deafness") 3. functional -- (relating to or based on function especially as opposed to structure; "the problem now is not a constitutional one; it is a functional one"; "delegates elected on a functional rather than a geographical basis") 4. functional, usable, useable, operable, operational -- (fit or ready for use or service; "the toaster was still functional even after being dropped"; "the lawnmower is a bit rusty but still usable"; "an operational aircraft"; "the dishwasher is now in working order") 5. functional -- (designed for or adapted to a function or use; "functional education selects knowledge that is concrete and usable rather than abstract and theoretical"; "functional architecture") 6. running, operative, functional, working -- ((of e.g. a machine) performing or capable of performing; "in running (or working) order"; "a functional set of brakes") --- WordNet end ---