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309169 occurrences (No.70 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

305) Density had no impact on mating patterns, adult and progeny genetic diversity or progeny growth, but was associated with increased mean pollen dispersal.

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PMID:23188172 DOI:10.1038/hdy.2012.72

2015 Heredity

* Mating system and early viability resistance to habitat fragmentation in a bird-pollinated eucalypt.

- Habitat fragmentation has been shown to disrupt ecosystem processes such as plant-pollinator mutualisms. Consequently, mating patterns in remnant tree populations are expected to shift towards increased inbreeding and reduced pollen diversity, with fitness consequences for future generations. However, mating patterns and phenotypic assessments of open-pollinated progeny have rarely been combined in a single study. Here, we collected seeds from 37 Eucalyptus incrassata trees from contrasting stand densities following recent clearance in a single South Australian population (intact woodland=12.6 trees ha(-1); isolated pasture=1.7 trees ha(-1); population area=10 km(2)). 649 progeny from these trees were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. We estimated genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure, indirect contemporary pollen flow and mating patterns for adults older than the clearance events and open-pollinated progeny sired post-clearance. A proxy of early stage progeny viability was assessed in a common garden experiment. Density had no impact on mating patterns, adult and progeny genetic diversity or progeny growth, but was associated with increased mean pollen dispersal. Weak spatial genetic structure among adults suggests high historical gene flow. We observed preliminary evidence for inbreeding depression related to stress caused by fungal infection, but which was not associated with density. Higher observed heterozygosities in adults compared with progeny may relate to weak selection on progeny and lifetime-accumulated mortality of inbred adults. E. incrassata appears to be resistant to the negative mating pattern and fitness changes expected within fragmented landscapes. This pattern is likely explained by strong outcrossing and regular long-distance pollen flow.

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[frequency of next (right) word to growth]

(1)69 and	(12)5 at	(25)3 models	(36)2 model
(2)48 factor	(13)4 but	(26)3 or	(37)2 modeling
(3)48 of	(14)4 during	(27)3 traits	(38)2 outcomes
(4)41 null	(15)4 factor,	(28)3 trajectories	(39)2 phase
(5)32 in	(17)4 patterns	(29)2 among	(40)2 properties
(6)25 factors	(18)4 plate	(30)2 are	(41)2 responses
(7)9 inhibition	(19)4 response	(31)2 as	(42)2 restriction
(8)8 rate	(20)4 was	(32)2 dynamics	(43)2 stunting
(9)6 factors,	(21)3 cone	(33)2 effects	(44)2 to
(10)6 rates	(22)3 curve	(34)2 forest	(45)2 velocities
(11)5 arrest	(23)3 factor-C	(35)2 hormone	(46)2 were

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--- WordNet output for growth --- =>茂み, 成長, 増加, 発展, 栽培, 腫よう, 成長物 Overview of noun growth The noun growth has 7 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (37) growth, growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis -- ((biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children") 2. (20) growth -- (a progression from simpler to more complex forms; "the growth of culture") 3. (3) increase, increment, growth -- (a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important; "the increase in unemployment"; "the growth of population") 4. (3) growth -- (vegetation that has grown; "a growth of trees"; "the only growth was some salt grass") 5. (1) emergence, outgrowth, growth -- (the gradual beginning or coming forth; "figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece") 6. growth -- ((pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)) 7. growth -- (something grown or growing; "a growth of hair") --- WordNet end ---