ELIZA

return kwic search for high out of >500 occurrences
636281 occurrences (No.11 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

267) High variability in the discriminating dose values was found among the BZ drugs.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24128686 DOI:10.1017/S0022149X13000618

2015 Journal of helminthology

* Benzimidazole-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes in indigenous Chiapas and Pelibuey sheep breeds from Chiapas, Mexico.

- Because of the natural adaptation of Mexican sheep, the aim of the present study was to identify the presence or absence of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes (GIN) resistant to benzimidazole (BZ) in both Chiapas and Pelibuey sheep breeds on local farms. Both male and female GIN-infected grazing sheep of the two breeds were selected. Sheep faecal samples were collected to obtain infective larvae (L3). This evolving stage of the parasite was used for taxonomic identification of the genus, based on its morphological characteristics. BZ anthelmintic resistance was evaluated using a nematode-compound in vitro interaction bioassay and the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction technique to detect mutations of residues 198 and 200 on isotype 1 of the β-tubulin gene. Three BZ-based compounds (febendazole (FBZ), tiabendazole (TBZ) and albendazole (ABZ)) at concentrations of 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.062 and 0.03 mg/ml were used to estimate the anthelmintic efficacy and lethal dose (LD50, LD90 and LD99) of the drugs. Two parasitic nematodes, Haemonchus and Teladorsagia, were identified in both isolates. Also, the proportions of anthelmintic resistance identified in GIN of the two sheep breeds were 68% in isolates from the Chiapas breed and 71.8% in the Pelibuey breed. The specific lethal activity obtained with FBZ was higher than 90%. However, TBZ and ABZ showed a lethal activity lower than 50%. High variability in the discriminating dose values was found among the BZ drugs. For example, FBZ LD ranged from 0.01 to 1.20 mg/ml; on the other hand, TBZ and ABZ required a dose ranging from 0.178 to 759 mg/ml. In addition, amino acid changes of Phe (TTC) to Tyr (TAC) at codon 200 of the β-tubulin gene, showing resistance to BZ, and no changes at codon 198 Glu (GAA) to Ala (GCA) were observed for both isolates. These results confirmed the presence of a genetic mutation associated with BZ in both Chiapas and Pelibuey nematode isolates.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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(1)18 risk	(19)4 gamma	(37)2 AT	(55)2 importance
(2)14 and	(20)4 group	(38)2 N/L	(56)2 index
(3)12 prevalence	(21)4 patient	(39)2 PbB	(57)2 inter-specific
(4)10 levels	(22)4 rate	(40)2 accuracy	(58)2 internal
(5)9 level	(23)4 shear	(41)2 age	(59)2 job
(6)9 school	(24)3 blood	(42)2 alcohol	(60)2 mass
(7)8 null	(25)3 concentration	(43)2 areas	(61)2 population
(8)7 proportion	(26)3 density	(44)2 birth	(62)2 positive
(9)6 in	(27)3 dose	(45)2 caries	(63)2 production
(10)6 lipoprotein	(28)3 efficiency	(46)2 chemotherapy	(64)2 profile
(11)6 liquid	(29)3 frequency	(47)2 correlation	(65)2 relative
(12)6 mortality	(30)3 genetic	(48)2 dental	(66)2 reliability
(13)5 as	(31)3 groups	(49)2 diet	(67)2 resistance
(14)5 autism	(32)3 incidence	(50)2 exposure	(68)2 risks'
(15)5 degree	(33)3 patients	(51)2 expression	(69)2 specificity,
(16)4 concentrations	(34)3 rates	(52)2 frequencies	(70)2 technologies
(17)4 doses	(35)3 ulnar	(53)2 heart	(71)2 tumours
(18)4 for	(36)2 ASD	(54)2 hydrostatic	(72)2 variability

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--- WordNet output for high --- =>1.高いところにある, 高い, 高さが〜の, 高貴な, 高く, 高額の, 興奮状態の, 2.高い所, 高水準 Overview of noun high The noun high has 7 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (5) high -- (a lofty level or position or degree; "summer temperatures reached an all-time high") 2. high -- (an air mass of higher than normal pressure; "the east coast benefits from a Bermuda high") 3. high -- (a state of sustained elation; "I'm on a permanent high these days") 4. high -- (a state of altered consciousness induced by alcohol or narcotics; "they took drugs to get a high on") 5. high, heights -- (a high place; "they stood on high and observed the countryside"; "he doesn't like heights") 6. senior high school, senior high, high, highschool, high school -- (a public secondary school usually including grades 9 through 12; "he goes to the neighborhood highschool") 7. high gear, high -- (a forward gear with a gear ratio that gives the greatest vehicle velocity for a given engine speed) Overview of adj high The adj high has 7 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (134) high -- (greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "a high temperature"; "a high price"; "the high point of his career"; "high risks"; "has high hopes"; "the river is high"; "he has a high opinion of himself") 2. (51) high -- ((literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high'); "a high mountain"; "high ceilings"; "high buildings"; "a high forehead"; "a high incline"; "a foot high") 3. (10) eminent, high -- (standing above others in quality or position; "people in high places"; "the high priest"; "eminent members of the community") 4. (7) high, high-pitched -- (used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency) 5. (2) high, in high spirits -- (happy and excited and energetic) 6. gamey, gamy, high -- ((used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted) 7. high, mellow -- (slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana)) Overview of adv high The adv high has 4 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (9) high, high up -- (at a great altitude; "he climbed high on the ladder") 2. (2) high -- (in or to a high position, amount, or degree; "prices have gone up far too high") 3. high, richly, luxuriously -- (in a rich manner; "he lives high") 4. high -- (far up toward the source; "he lives high up the river") --- WordNet end ---