ELIZA

return kwic search for human out of >500 occurrences
482327 occurrences (No.32 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

204) A total of 84 references were selected, including 40 animal studies and 44 studies with human participants.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:33992043 DOI:10.1002/pbc.29090

2021 Physiological research

* The effects of spaceflight microgravity on the musculoskeletal system of humans and animals, with an emphasis on exercise as a countermeasure: a systematic scoping review.

- The purpose of this systematic review is twofold: 1) to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the heretofore disparate scientific literatures regarding the effects of direct exposure to microgravity on the musculoskeletal system, taking into account for the first time both bone and muscle systems of both humans and animals; and 2) to investigate the efficacy and limitations of exercise countermeasures on the musculoskeletal system under microgravity in humans.The Framework for Scoping Studies (Arksey and O'Malley 2005) and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Higgins JPT 2011) were used to guide this review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was utilized in obtaining the combined results (Moher, Liberati et al. 2009). Data sources, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for published articles through October 2019 using the Mesh terms of microgravity, musculoskeletal system, and exercise countermeasures. A total of 84 references were selected, including 40 animal studies and 44 studies with human participants. The heterogeneity in the study designs, methodologies, and outcomes deemed this review unsuitable for a meta-analysis. Thus, we present a narrative synthesis of the results for the key domains under five categories: 1) Skeletal muscle responses to microgravity in humans 2) Skeletal muscle responses to microgravity in animals 3) Adaptation of the skeletal system to microgravity in humans 4) Adaptation of the skeletal system to microgravity in animals 5) Effectiveness of exercise countermeasures on the human musculoskeletal system in microgravity. Existing studies have produced only limited data on the combined effects on bone and muscle of human spaceflight, despite the likelihood that the effects on these two systems are complicated due to the components of the musculoskeletal system being anatomically and functionally interconnected. Bone is directly affected by muscle atrophy as well as by changes in muscle strength, notably at muscle attachments. Given this interplay, the most effective exercise countermeasure is likely to be robust, individualized, resistive exercise, primarily targeting muscle mass and strength.

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[frequency of next (right) word to human]

(1)29 health	(21)4 laboratory	(41)2 MC	(61)2 leukocyte
(2)25 and	(22)4 liver	(42)2 PSCs	(62)2 lifespan
(3)10 hepatocytes	(23)4 serum	(43)2 RNA	(63)2 may
(4)9 brain	(24)3 beings	(44)2 activities	(64)2 medicine
(5)9 gut	(25)3 health,	(45)2 adipocytes	(65)2 microbiome
(6)8 studies	(26)3 hepatocyte	(46)2 behavior	(66)2 movement,
(7)7 milk	(27)3 infection	(47)2 behaviour	(67)2 nervous
(8)6 exposure	(28)3 jejunum	(48)2 blood	(68)2 or
(9)6 immunodeficiency	(29)3 livers	(49)2 cell	(69)2 participants,
(10)6 skin	(30)3 lung	(50)2 cerebral	(70)2 pathogen
(11)5 body	(31)3 macrophages	(51)2 colonoids	(71)2 populations,
(12)5 clinical	(32)3 oral	(52)2 data	(72)2 primate
(13)5 disease	(33)3 participants	(53)2 diseases,	(73)2 ratings
(14)5 diseases	(34)3 plasma	(54)2 genome	(74)2 research
(15)5 interaction	(35)3 seasonal	(55)2 genomic	(75)2 resources,
(16)5 papillomavirus	(36)2 ALDH1A3	(56)2 hepatocytes,	(76)2 studies,
(17)5 subjects	(37)2 AV	(57)2 hepatoma	(77)2 trials
(18)4 breast	(38)2 Biomonitoring	(58)2 immune	(78)2 umbilical
(19)4 bronchial	(39)2 CRC	(59)2 induced
(20)4 intestinal	(40)2 Genome	(60)2 interactions

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--- WordNet output for human --- =>人間らしい, 人間の, 人, 人間 Overview of noun human The noun human has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (5) homo, man, human being, human -- (any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage) Overview of adj human The adj human has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (46) human -- (characteristic of humanity; "human nature") 2. (19) human -- (relating to a person; "the experiment was conducted on 6 monkeys and 2 human subjects") 3. (15) human -- (having human form or attributes as opposed to those of animals or divine beings; "human beings"; "the human body"; "human kindness"; "human frailty") --- WordNet end ---