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255) Pneumatic muscle actuators (PMAs) have a high power to weight ratio and possess unique characteristics which make them ideal actuators for applications involving human interaction.
2015 Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering
* Haptic control of a pneumatic muscle actuator to provide resistance for simulated isokinetic exercise; part II: control development and testing.
- Pneumatic muscle actuators (PMAs) have a high power to weight ratio and possess unique characteristics which make them ideal actuators for applications involving human interaction. PMAs are difficult to control due to nonlinear dynamics, presenting challenges in system implementation. Despite these challenges, PMAs have great potential as a source of resistance for strength training and rehabilitation. The objective of this work was to control a PMA for use in isokinetic exercise, potentially benefiting anyone in need of optimal strength training through a joint's range of motion. The controller, based on an inverse three-element phenomenological model and adaptive nonlinear control, allows the system to operate as a type of haptic device. A human quadriceps dynamic simulator was developed (as described in Part I of this work) so that control effectiveness and accommodation could be tested prior to human implementation. Tracking error results indicate that the control system is effective at producing PMA displacement and resistance necessary for a scaled, simulated neuromuscular actuator to maintain low-velocity isokinetic movement during simulated concentric and eccentric knee extension.
=>人間らしい, 人間の, 人, 人間
Overview of noun human
The noun human has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (5) homo, man, human being, human -- (any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae
characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage)
Overview of adj human
The adj human has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (46) human -- (characteristic of humanity; "human nature")
2. (19) human -- (relating to a person; "the experiment was conducted on 6 monkeys and 2 human
subjects")
3. (15) human -- (having human form or attributes as opposed to those of animals or divine beings;
"human beings"; "the human body"; "human kindness"; "human frailty")
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