ELIZA cgi-bash version rev. 1.90
- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

return kwic search for levels out of >500 occurrences
501283 occurrences (No.27 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
411) Exposure to environmental chemicals and oxidative stress particularly at low dose levels may produce additive or synergistic interactions not seen in single component exposure.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:23089956 DOI:10.1007/s11356-012-1250-0
2015 Environmental science and pollution research international
* Combined effect of cadmium, lead, and UV rays on Bacillus cereus using comet assay and oxidative stress parameters.
- Exposure to environmental chemicals and oxidative stress particularly at low dose levels may produce additive or synergistic interactions not seen in single component exposure. Exposure to cadmium, lead, and ultraviolet rays occurs in many occupational settings, such as pigment and battery production, galvanization, and recycling of electric tools. However, little is known about interactions between heavy metals and ultraviolet rays. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions of ultraviolet rays of 254 nm (UV-B) with cadmium or lead on Bacillus cereus. B. cereus was treated with different concentrations of cadmium or lead followed by exposure to UV-B radiation as combined effect. Photoirradiation of B. cereus with UV-B with exposure to cadmium or lead results in DNA damage, cytotoxicity, depletion of glutathione, and formation of lipid peroxidation. UV-B rays alone enhanced glutathione production which was depleted with lead and high doses of cadmium. Lead alone does not increase DNA breaking. The mechanism behind these interactions might be repair inhibition of oxidative DNA damage, since a decrease in repair capacity will increase susceptibility to reactive oxygen species generated by cadmium or lead. Lipid peroxidation was increased with exposure to UV-B and cadmium or lead. DNA, glutathione, and lipid peroxidation can be used as biomarkers to identify possible environmental contamination in bacteria. One conclusion from this model is the existence of more than multiplicative effects for co-exposures of cadmium or lead and UV rays.
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--- WordNet output for levels --- Overview of noun level The noun level has 8 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (69) degree, grade, level -- (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; "a moderate grade of intelligence"; "a high level of care is required"; "it is all a matter of degree") 2. (22) grade, level, tier -- (a relative position or degree of value in a graded group; "lumber of the highest grade") 3. (15) degree, level, stage, point -- (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?") 4. (5) level -- (height above ground; "the water reached ankle level"; "the pictures were at the same level") 5. (1) level, spirit level -- (indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid) 6. (1) horizontal surface, level -- (a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line; "park the car on the level") 7. level, layer, stratum -- (an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; "a good actor communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"; "the mind functions on many strata simultaneously") 8. floor, level, storey, story -- (a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale; "what level is the office on?") Overview of verb level The verb level has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (4) level -- (aim at; "level criticism or charges at somebody") 2. (1) level, raze, rase, dismantle, tear down, take down, pull down -- (tear down so as to make flat with the ground; "The building was levelled") 3. (1) flush, level, even out, even -- (make level or straight; "level the ground") 4. charge, level, point -- (direct into a position for use; "point a gun"; "He charged his weapon at me") 5. level -- (talk frankly with; lay it on the line; "I have to level with you") 6. level, level off -- (become level or even; "The ground levelled off") --- WordNet end ---