ELIZA

return kwic search for lower out of >500 occurrences
288686 occurrences (No.85 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

122) In groups using TA and methylprednisolone, periorbital edema and ecchymosis scores were significantly lower compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

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PMID:24149401 DOI:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3182a1e527

2015 Annals of plastic surgery

* The efficacy of tranexamic acid and corticosteroid on edema and ecchymosis in septorhinoplasty.

- The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TA) and methylprednisolone on periorbital edema, ecchymosis, and intraoperative bleeding in patients who underwent open septorhinoplasty (oSRP). Seventy-five patients performing hump extraction and osteotomies were allocated into 3 groups as follows: group 1, 25 patients as control; group 2, 25 patients who were administered oral TA as first dose 1 g starting 2 hours before surgery, 3 g daily in divided doses (1 g, every 8 hours) for 5 days; and group 3, 25 patients who were administered a single dose of 1 mg/kg intravenous methylprednisolone at the beginning of the surgery. Operation time, amount of intraoperative bleeding, and complications were recorded. Scoring of eyelid edema and periorbital ecchymosis was evaluated on postoperative first, third, and seventh days using scale of 0 to 4 by 2 observers. In groups using TA and methylprednisolone, periorbital edema and ecchymosis scores were significantly lower compared with the control group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was seen clinically and statistically in preventing or decreasing both periorbital edema and ecchymosis between group 2 and group 3. Patients given TA showed significantly less intraoperative bleeding compared with controls and patients who were administered methylprednisolone. We observed that the administration of methylprednisolone significantly decreases periorbital edema and ecchymosis. Additionally, our results support that TA use in patients who underwent oSRP with osteotomies was found clinically and statistically effective for prevention of bleeding during oSRP operations and reduction of both periorbital edema and ecchymosis.

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(1)38 than	(19)4 incidence	(37)3 socioeconomic	(55)2 expression
(2)35 in	(20)4 leg	(38)3 stresses	(56)2 eyelid
(3)19 levels	(21)4 spine	(39)3 values	(57)2 eyelids
(4)12 extremity	(22)4 total	(40)2 Condom	(58)2 frequencies
(5)11 risk	(23)3 (P	(41)2 EI	(59)2 frequency
(6)7 compared	(24)3 null	(42)2 IQ	(60)2 likelihood
(7)7 level	(25)3 ASM/wt	(43)2 abdominal	(61)2 limit
(8)7 limb	(26)3 education	(44)2 among	(62)2 microleakage
(9)5 at	(27)3 educational	(45)2 back	(63)2 perceived
(10)5 for	(28)3 extremities,	(46)2 birthweight	(64)2 percentage
(11)5 limbs	(29)3 heart	(47)2 bounds	(65)2 quality
(12)5 the	(30)3 initial	(48)2 by	(66)2 rate
(13)4 and	(31)3 legs	(49)2 complication	(67)2 resilience
(14)4 body	(32)3 mean	(50)2 concentration	(68)2 serum
(15)4 cervical	(33)3 odds	(51)2 concentrations	(69)2 shear
(16)4 dose	(34)3 prevalence	(52)2 demineralization
(17)4 doses	(35)3 probability	(53)2 esophageal
(18)4 extremities	(36)3 sexual	(54)2 estimated

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--- WordNet output for lower --- =>1.低くする/なる, 下げる/下がる, 卑しめる, 2.しかめっ面, 3.lowの比較級 Overview of noun lower The noun lower has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1. lower berth, lower -- (the lower of two berths) Overview of verb lower The verb lower has 5 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (15) lower, take down, let down, get down, bring down -- (move something or somebody to a lower position; "take down the vase from the shelf") 2. (6) lower, lour -- (set lower; "lower a rating"; "lower expectations") 3. (1) turn down, lower, lour -- (make lower or quieter; "turn down the volume of a radio") 4. lower, depress -- (cause to drop or sink; "The lack of rain had depressed the water level in the reservoir") 5. frown, glower, lour, lower -- (look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval) Overview of adj low The adj low has 10 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (55) low -- (less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "low prices"; "the reservoir is low") 2. (23) low -- (literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward extension; "low ceilings"; "low clouds"; "low hills"; "the sun is low"; "low furniture"; "a low bow") 3. (11) low, low-toned -- (very low in volume; "a low murmur"; "the low-toned murmur of the surf") 4. (6) low -- (unrefined in character; "low comedy") 5. (4) low, low-pitched -- (used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency) 6. (3) abject, low, low-down, miserable, scummy, scurvy -- (of the most contemptible kind; "abject cowardice"; "a low stunt to pull"; "a low-down sneak"; "his miserable treatment of his family"; "You miserable skunk!"; "a scummy rabble"; "a scurvy trick") 7. humble, low, lowly, modest, small -- (low or inferior in station or quality; "a humble cottage"; "a lowly parish priest"; "a modest man of the people"; "small beginnings") 8. depleted, low -- (no longer sufficient; "supplies are low"; "our funds are depleted") 9. broken, crushed, humbled, humiliated, low -- (subdued or brought low in condition or status; "brought low"; "a broken man"; "his broken spirit") 10. gloomy, grim, blue, depressed, dispirited, down, downcast, downhearted, down in the mouth, low, low-spirited -- (filled with melancholy and despondency ; "gloomy at the thought of what he had to face"; "gloomy predictions"; "a gloomy silence"; "took a grim view of the economy"; "the darkening mood"; "lonely and blue in a strange city"; "depressed by the loss of his job"; "a dispirited and resigned expression on her face"; "downcast after his defeat"; "feeling discouraged and downhearted") --- WordNet end ---