ELIZA cgi-bash version rev. 1.90
- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

return kwic search for model out of >500 occurrences
469466 occurrences (No.35 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
14) We thus utilized a non-human primate model of addiction to explore the effects of long-term drug exposure and withdrawal on brain neurochemistry.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:23910722 DOI:10.1111/adb.12078
2015 Addiction biology
* Withdrawal from long-term methamphetamine self-administration 'normalizes' neurometabolites in rhesus monkeys: a (1) H MR spectroscopy study.
- (1) H magnetic resonance spectroscopy has demonstrated alterations in several neurometabolites in methamphetamine (METH)-dependent individuals in brain regions implicated in addiction. Yet, it is unclear whether these neurochemicals return to homeostatic levels after an individual abstains from drug use, a difficult question to address due to high recidivism and poor study retention in human subjects. We thus utilized a non-human primate model of addiction to explore the effects of long-term drug exposure and withdrawal on brain neurochemistry. Ten rhesus macaque monkeys on an active METH self-administration protocol (average use 4.6 ± 0.8 years, average daily intake between 0.4 and 1.2 mg/kg) and 10 age- and sex-matched drug-naive controls (CONT) served as subjects. Concentrations of several neurochemicals were evaluated at several timepoints following withdrawal from drug availability (10 monkeys at 1 week and 1 and 3 months, and 6 monkeys at 6 and 12 months; CONT examined at one timepoint). At 1 week following METH withdrawal, we found increases in myo-inositol in anterior cingulate cortex in the METH group relative to CONT. These alterations showed a linear pattern of decreased levels ('normalization') by 1 year of abstinence. We also found decreases in glutamine and Glx (composed mainly of glutamate and glutamine) in the caudate-putamen of the same animals at early withdrawal that showed a similar linear pattern of increasing concentration by 1 year. These results demonstrate that despite protracted, long-term use, neurochemical changes seen following long-term drug administration do not persist following prolonged abstinence, suggesting therapeutic effects of long-term withdrawal from drug use.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
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(1)63 of (12)7 as (23)3 assessment (34)2 demonstrated
(2)55 *null* (13)6 are (24)3 fit (35)2 it
(3)35 for (14)6 system (25)3 revealed (36)2 joints
(4)28 was (15)5 a (26)3 showed (37)2 may
(5)26 to (16)5 selection (27)3 systems (38)2 not
(6)16 and (17)5 which (28)3 were (39)2 results
(7)16 in (18)5 will (29)2 allows (40)2 species
(8)16 is (19)4 can (30)2 analyses (41)2 such
(9)16 with (20)4 parameters (31)2 appropriate (42)2 used
(10)12 that (21)4 using (32)2 biological
(11)8 the (22)4 we (33)2 consists

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--- WordNet output for model --- =>模型, 作る, 形に表わす, 模範, モデル, 型, 模型の, 模範となる, かたどる, 手本, モデルをする, 手本となる Overview of noun model The noun model has 9 senses (first 7 from tagged texts) 1. (19) model, theoretical account, framework -- (a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process; "the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems") 2. (11) model -- (a type of product; "his car was an old model") 3. (6) model, poser -- (a person who poses for a photographer or painter or sculptor; "the president didn't have time to be a model so the artist worked from photos") 4. (4) model, simulation -- (representation of something (sometimes on a smaller scale)) 5. (3) exemplar, example, model, good example -- (something to be imitated; "an exemplar of success"; "a model of clarity"; "he is the very model of a modern major general") 6. (1) model, role model -- (someone worthy of imitation; "every child needs a role model") 7. (1) model, example -- (a representative form or pattern; "I profited from his example") 8. mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin, fashion model, model -- (a woman who wears clothes to display fashions; "she was too fat to be a mannequin") 9. model, modelling, modeling -- (the act of representing something (usually on a smaller scale)) Overview of verb model The verb model has 6 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (1) model, pattern -- (plan or create according to a model or models) 2. (1) model, mold, mould -- (form in clay, wax, etc; "model a head with clay") 3. model, pose, sit, posture -- (assume a posture as for artistic purposes; "We don't know the woman who posed for Leonardo so often") 4. model -- (display (clothes) as a mannequin; "model the latest fashion") 5. model, simulate -- (create a representation or model of; "The pilots are trained in conditions simulating high-altitude flights") 6. model, mock up -- (construct a model of; "model an airplane") Overview of adj model The adj model has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (1) exemplary, model -- (worthy of imitation; "exemplary behavior"; "model citizens") --- WordNet end ---