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return kwic search for molecular out of >500 occurrences
333489 occurrences (No.56 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

152) In order to start dissecting the molecular pathways by which serum supplementation of the culture medium during the preimplantation stage promotes developmental abnormalities, we examined blastocyst morphometry, inner cell mass and trophectoderm cell allocations, macroautophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

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PMID:34882691 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0260123

2021 PloS one

* Serum supplementation during bovine embryo culture affects their development and proliferation through macroautophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation.

- Serum supplementation during bovine embryo culture has been demonstrated to promote cell proliferation and preimplantation embryo development. However, these desirable outcomes, have been associated with gene expression alterations of pathways involved in macroautophagy, growth, and development at the blastocyst stage, as well as with developmental anomalies such as fetal overgrowth and placental malformations. In order to start dissecting the molecular pathways by which serum supplementation of the culture medium during the preimplantation stage promotes developmental abnormalities, we examined blastocyst morphometry, inner cell mass and trophectoderm cell allocations, macroautophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. On day 5 post-insemination, > 16 cells embryos were selected and cultured in medium containing 10% serum or left as controls. Embryo diameter, inner cell mass and trophectoderm cell number, and macroautophagy were measured on day 8 blastocysts (BL) and expanded blastocysts (XBL). On day 5 and day 8, we assessed transcript level of the ER stress markers HSPA5, ATF4, MTHFD2, and SHMT2 as well as XBP1 splicing (a marker of the unfolded protein response). Serum increased diameter and proliferation of embryos when compared to the no-serum group. In addition, serum increased macroautophagy of BL when compared to controls, while the opposite was true for XBL. None of the genes analyzed was differentially expressed at any stage, except that serum decreased HSPA5 in day 5 > 16 cells stage embryos. XBP1 splicing was decreased in BL when compared to XBL, but only in the serum group. Our data suggest that serum rescues delayed embryos by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress and promotes development of advanced embryos by decreasing macroautophagy.

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(1)65 mechanisms	(19)4 analysis	(37)3 pharmacological	(55)2 measurements
(2)25 dynamics	(20)4 level,	(38)3 profiling	(56)2 medicine
(3)20 and	(21)4 modeling	(39)3 recognition	(57)2 methods
(4)14 mechanism	(22)4 processes	(40)3 response	(58)2 monitoring
(5)13 docking	(23)4 properties	(41)2 actions	(59)2 pathways,
(6)12 basis	(24)4 testing	(42)2 biological	(60)2 rotational
(7)11 pathways	(25)3 cellular,	(43)2 characterisation	(61)2 signaling
(8)8 details	(26)3 characteristics	(44)2 clock	(62)2 signals
(9)7 level	(27)3 clock,	(45)2 crowding	(63)2 signature
(10)7 markers	(28)3 composition	(46)2 data	(64)2 signatures
(11)7 patterns	(29)3 diagnoses	(47)2 determinant	(65)2 subtype
(12)7 weight	(30)3 effects	(48)2 diagnosis	(66)2 supporting
(13)6 subtypes	(31)3 features	(49)2 distributions	(67)2 target
(14)6 targets	(32)3 genetic	(50)2 docking,	(68)2 to
(15)5 changes	(33)3 imaging	(51)2 efficacy	(69)2 trajectory
(16)5 characterization	(34)3 initiating	(52)2 genetic,
(17)5 determinants	(35)3 mechanism,	(53)2 identity
(18)5 events	(36)3 pathology	(54)2 investigations

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--- WordNet output for molecular --- =>分子の Overview of adj molecular The adj molecular has 2 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (6) molecular -- (relating to or produced by or consisting of molecules; "molecular structure"; "molecular oxygen"; "molecular weight is the sum of all the atoms in a molecule") 2. molecular -- (relating to simple or elementary organization; "proceed by more and more detailed analysis to the molecular facts of perception"--G.A. Miller) --- WordNet end ---