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270) At the same time, a questionnaire was accomplished allowing the investigation of presumptive clinical signs observed at herd level during the previous twelve months for dairy cows.
* Clinical indicators of exposure to Coxiella burnetii in dairy herds.
- Q fever is a zoonosis occurring worldwide in livestock. Often neglected in differential diagnoses, Q fever can persist in herds causing financial losses in the long run. In ruminants, well-known manifestations of Q fever are abortion, stillbirth, delivery of weak offspring and premature delivery. In cattle, Q fever is frequently asymptomatic and/or under-reported. The use of new methodologies in veterinary clinical epidemiology is of prime importance to find accurate clinical indicators of exposure to C. burnetii at herd level. A retrospective randomly cross-sectional survey was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of Q fever in southern Belgium by means of an ELISA test performed on the bulk tank milk (n = 206 cattle herds). At the same time, a questionnaire was accomplished allowing the investigation of presumptive clinical signs observed at herd level during the previous twelve months for dairy cows. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify abortion and irregular repeat breeding as two indicators associated with Q fever exposure in dairy herds. In addition, a bootstrapped quantile regression revealed that the average score of putative clinical signs related to Q fever was significantly more important in exposed versus non-exposed herds. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis confirmed the importance of the average clinical score and the irregular repeat breeding as main splitters, considering or not each clinical sign separately. Considering herd clinical patterns, instead of taking each clinical sign separately, seems to be more useful to differentiate herds at risk of Q fever exposure.
Overview of verb observe
The verb observe has 9 senses (first 8 from tagged texts)
1. (39) detect, observe, find, discover, notice -- (discover or determine the existence, presence,
or fact of; "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water"; "We found traces of lead in
the paint")
2. (17) note, observe, mention, remark -- (make mention of; "She observed that his presentation took
up too much time"; "They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing")
3. (12) note, take note, observe -- (observe with care or pay close attention to; "Take note of this
chemical reaction")
4. (10) observe -- (watch attentively; "Please observe the reaction of these two chemicals")
5. (4) respect, honor, honour, abide by, observe -- (show respect towards; "honor your parents!")
6. (3) observe, celebrate, keep -- (behave as expected during of holidays or rites; "Keep the
commandments"; "celebrate Christmas"; "Observe Yom Kippur")
7. (2) watch, observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on -- (follow with the eyes or the mind;
"Keep an eye on the baby, please!"; "The world is watching Sarajevo"; "She followed the men with the
binoculars")
8. (1) observe, keep, maintain -- (stick to correctly or closely; "The pianist kept time with the
metronome"; "keep count"; "I cannot keep track of all my employees")
9. observe, keep -- (conform one's action or practice to; "keep appointments"; "she never keeps her
promises"; "We kept to the original conditions of the contract")
Overview of adj observed
The adj observed has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (7) ascertained, discovered, observed -- (discovered or determined by scientific observation;
"variation in the ascertained flux depends on a number of factors"; "the discovered behavior norms";
"discovered differences in achievement"; "no explanation for the observed phenomena")
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