ELIZA

return kwic search for protein out of >500 occurrences
536761 occurrences (No.22 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

297) PM2.5 instillation caused dose-trend increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, and total protein of BALF.

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PMID:24136897 DOI:10.1002/tox.21912

2015 Environmental toxicology

* Rat lung response to ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures.

- Exposure to different ambient pollutants maybe more toxic to lung than exposure to a single pollutant. In this study, we discussed the inflammation and oxidative stress responses of rat lung caused by ozone and PM2.5 versus that of rats exposed to saline, ozone, or single PM2.5 . Wistar rats inhaled 0.8 ppm ozone or air for 4 h and then placed in air for 3 h following intratracheal instillation with 0, 0.2 (low dose), 0.8 (medium dose), 3.2 (high dose) mg/rat PM2.5 dissolved in sterile saline (0.25 mL/rat), repeated twice per week for 3 weeks, the cumulative doses of PM2.5 in animals were 1.2, 4.8, and 19.2 mg. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last (sixth) exposure. The collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for inflammatory cells and cytokines. Lung tissues were processed for light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examinations. Results showed that total cell number in BALF of PM2.5 -exposed groups were higher than control (p < 0.05). PM2.5 instillation caused dose-trend increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, and total protein of BALF. Exposure to ozone alone only caused TNF-α significant change in above-mentioned indicators of lung injury. On the other hand, ozone could enhance PM2.5-induced inflammatory changes and pathological characters in rat lungs. SOD and GSH-Px activities in lung were reduced in PM2.5-exposed rats with and without prior ozone exposure compared to control. To determine whether the PM2.5 and ozone affect endothelium system, iNOS, eNOS, and ICAM-1 mRNA levels in lung were analyzed by real-time PCR. These data demonstrated that inflammation and oxidative stress were involved in toxicology mechanisms of PM2.5 in rat lung and ozone potentiated these effects induced by PM2.5. These results have implications for understanding the pulmonary effects induced by ozone and PM2.5.

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(1)76 genes,	(11)8 was	(21)3 has	(31)2 for
(2)45 genes	(12)7 level	(22)3 is	(32)2 initiation
(3)24 and	(13)6 carbonyl	(23)3 of	(33)2 level,
(4)23 levels	(14)6 coding	(24)3 oxidation,	(34)2 production
(5)18 expression	(15)5 C	(25)3 stability	(35)2 sequences
(6)12 null	(16)5 gene	(26)3 thiol	(36)2 solutions
(7)12 kinase	(17)5 isolate	(27)2 acid	(37)2 structures
(8)9 1	(18)5 kinases	(28)2 content	(38)2 that
(9)9 in	(19)4 levels,	(29)2 contents
(10)8 2	(20)3 expression,	(30)2 families

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--- WordNet output for protein --- =>タンパク質, 蛋白質, たん白質 Overview of noun protein The noun protein has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (23) protein -- (any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein") --- WordNet end ---