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325270 occurrences (No.61 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

281) These developmental and molecular effects imparted by EE2 and DES during early life stages of catfish could demonstrate the deleterious effects of estrogen exposure and provide reliable markers for estrogenic EDCs exposure in the environment.

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PMID:24273110 DOI:10.1002/tox.21920

2015 Environmental toxicology

* Early exposure of 17α-ethynylestradiol and diethylstilbestrol induces morphological changes and alters ovarian steroidogenic pathway enzyme gene expression in catfish, Clarias gariepinus.

- Environmental estrogens are major cause of endocrine disruption in vertebrates, including aquatic organisms. Teleosts are valuable and popular models for studying the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment. In the present study, we investigated the changes caused by exposure to the synthetic estrogens 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2 ) and diethylstilbesterol (DES) during early stages of growth and sex differentiation of air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus, at the morphological, histological, and molecular levels. Catfish hatchlings, 0 day post hatch (dph) were exposed continuously to sublethal doses of EE2 (50 ng/L) and DES (10 ng/L) until 50 dph and subsequently monitored for ovarian structural changes and alteration in the gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes till adulthood. Treated fish exhibited morphological deformities such as spinal curvature, stunted growth, and yolk-sac fluid retention. In addition to ovarian atrophy, DES-treated fish showed either rudimentary or malformed ovaries. Detailed histological studies revealed precocious oocyte development as well as follicular atresia. Further, transcript levels of various steroidogenic enzyme and transcription factor genes were altered in response to EE2 and DES. Activity of the rate-limiting enzyme of estrogen biosynthesis, aromatase, in the ovary as well as the brain of treated fish was in accordance with transcript level changes. These developmental and molecular effects imparted by EE2 and DES during early life stages of catfish could demonstrate the deleterious effects of estrogen exposure and provide reliable markers for estrogenic EDCs exposure in the environment.

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[frequency of next (right) word to provide]

(1)109 a	(12)6 insight	(23)3 care	(34)2 effective
(2)39 an	(13)6 recommendations	(24)3 direct	(35)2 first
(3)32 the	(14)5 reliable	(25)3 guidance	(36)2 for
(4)25 evidence	(15)5 them	(26)3 novel	(37)2 good
(5)14 useful	(16)4 information	(27)3 preliminary	(38)2 greater
(6)13 new	(17)4 insights	(28)2 accurate	(39)2 methodological
(7)8 more	(18)4 such	(29)2 additional	(40)2 one
(8)7 rather	(19)4 us	(30)2 analytical	(41)2 some
(9)7 support	(20)4 valuable	(31)2 answers	(42)2 sufficient
(10)6 further	(21)3 adequate	(32)2 basic	(43)2 to
(11)6 important	(22)3 better	(33)2 clinically

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--- WordNet output for provide --- =>供給する, 与える, 規定する, 条件とする, 準備する, 用意する, 扶養する, 援助する Overview of verb provide The verb provide has 7 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (270) supply, provide, render, furnish -- (give something useful or necessary to; "We provided the room with an electrical heater") 2. (25) provide, supply, ply, cater -- (give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance; "The hostess provided lunch for all the guests") 3. (14) provide -- (determine (what is to happen in certain contingencies), especially by including a proviso condition or stipulation; "The will provides that each child should receive half of the money"; "The Constitution provides for the right to free speech") 4. (2) put up, provide, offer -- (mount or put up; "put up a good fight"; "offer resistance") 5. leave, allow for, allow, provide -- (make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain; "This leaves no room for improvement"; "The evidence allows only one conclusion"; "allow for mistakes"; "leave lots of time for the trip"; "This procedure provides for lots of leeway") 6. provide, bring home the bacon -- (supply means of subsistence; earn a living; "He provides for his large family by working three jobs"; "Women nowadays not only take care of the household but also bring home the bacon") 7. provide -- (take measures in preparation for; "provide for the proper care of the passengers on the cruise ship") --- WordNet end ---