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return kwic search for rate out of >500 occurrences
286534 occurrences (No.87 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

316) The censored normal distribution fits the real dataset well, but simulations indicate its type-I error rate is inflated, and its power is only slightly higher than the t-test.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:22179821 DOI:10.1177/0962280211432192

2015 Statistical methods in medical research

* The choice of test in phase II cancer trials assessing continuous tumour shrinkage when complete responses are expected.

- Traditionally, phase II cancer trials test a binary endpoint formed from a dichotomisation of the continuous change in tumour size. Directly testing the continuous endpoint provides considerable gains in power, although also results in several statistical issues. One such issue is when complete responses, i.e. complete tumour removal, are observed in multiple patients; this is a problem when normality is assumed. Using simulated data and a recently published phase II trial, we investigate how the choice of test affects the operating characteristics of the trial. We propose using parametric tests based on the censored normal distribution, comparing them to the t-test and Wilcoxon non-parametric test. The censored normal distribution fits the real dataset well, but simulations indicate its type-I error rate is inflated, and its power is only slightly higher than the t-test. The Wilcoxon test has deflated type I error. For two-arm designs, the differences are much smaller. We conclude that the t-test is suitable for use when complete responses are present, although positively skewed data can result in the non-parametric test having higher power.

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[frequency of next (right) word to rate]

(1)163 of	(9)7 to	(17)3 were	(25)2 may
(2)56 was	(10)6 at	(18)3 without	(26)2 or
(3)44 and	(11)4 as	(19)2 (HR)	(27)2 per
(4)34 null	(12)4 from	(20)2 =	(28)2 product
(5)14 in	(13)4 variability	(21)2 by	(29)2 step
(6)9 is	(14)3 after	(22)2 compared	(30)2 that
(7)8 for	(15)3 coding	(23)2 due	(31)2 under
(8)7 than	(16)3 ranged	(24)2 enzyme	(32)2 which

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--- WordNet output for rate --- =>価格を評定する, 割合, 率, 歩合, 料金, 値段, 相場, 速度, 度合, 人を〜を思う, みなす, 価値がある, 人を〜とみなす, 科金, 評価する Overview of noun rate The noun rate has 4 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (68) rate -- (a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit; "they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour"; "the rate of change was faster than expected") 2. (39) rate, charge per unit -- (amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis; "a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5") 3. (1) pace, rate -- (the relative speed of progress or change; "he lived at a fast pace"; "he works at a great rate"; "the pace of events accelerated") 4. rate -- (a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure; "the literacy rate"; "the retention rate"; "the dropout rate") Overview of verb rate The verb rate has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (9) rate, rank, range, order, grade, place -- (assign a rank or rating to; "how would you rank these students?"; "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide") 2. (2) rate -- (be worthy of or have a certain rating; "This bond rates highly") 3. (1) rate, value -- (estimate the value of; "How would you rate his chances to become President?"; "Gold was rated highly among the Romans") --- WordNet end ---