* Functional analysis of bovine Nramp1 and production of transgenic cloned embryos in vitro.
- Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) plays an important role in restraining the growth of intracellular pathogens within macrophages. In this study, Nramp1 cDNA was cloned from Qinchuan cattle and its anti-bacterial activity was demonstrated as being able to significantly inhibit the growth of Salmonella abortusovis and Brucella abortus in macrophages. Calf fibroblasts stably transfected with pSP-NRAMP1-HA vector were used to reconstruct bovine embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Reconstructed embryos were maturated in vitro and the blastocyst formation rate (14.0%) was similar to that of control embryos (14.5%). Transgenic blastocysts were transplanted into 43 recipient cattle, of which 14 recipients became pregnant as evidenced by non-return estrus and by rectal palpation. One fetus was aborted after 6½ months of pregnancy and transgene integration was confirmed by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Together, this study showed that bovine Nramp1 retains biological function against the growth of intracellular bacteria and can be used to reconstruct embryos and produce Nramp1 transgenic cattle, which may benefit the animal and enhance their ability to prevent attack by intracellular pathogens.
=>価格を評定する, 割合, 率, 歩合, 料金, 値段, 相場, 速度, 度合, 人を〜を思う, みなす, 価値がある,
人を〜とみなす, 科金, 評価する
Overview of noun rate
The noun rate has 4 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (68) rate -- (a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit; "they traveled at a rate of 55
miles per hour"; "the rate of change was faster than expected")
2. (39) rate, charge per unit -- (amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis; "a 10-minute
phone call at that rate would cost $5")
3. (1) pace, rate -- (the relative speed of progress or change; "he lived at a fast pace"; "he works
at a great rate"; "the pace of events accelerated")
4. rate -- (a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount
or measure; "the literacy rate"; "the retention rate"; "the dropout rate")
Overview of verb rate
The verb rate has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (9) rate, rank, range, order, grade, place -- (assign a rank or rating to; "how would you rank
these students?"; "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide")
2. (2) rate -- (be worthy of or have a certain rating; "This bond rates highly")
3. (1) rate, value -- (estimate the value of; "How would you rate his chances to become President?";
"Gold was rated highly among the Romans")
--- WordNet end ---