ELIZA

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286534 occurrences (No.87 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

411) Following intravenous administration a maximum danazol exposure (401 ± 68.2 h ng/mL) was observed with the lowest clearance rate (5.06 ± 0.95 L/h/kg) from 6 mg/mL DSPE-PEG5000 nanoemulsion.

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PMID:24344786 DOI:10.3109/10717544.2013.869275

2015 Drug delivery

* Optimization of PEGylated nanoemulsions for improved pharmacokinetics of BCS class II compounds.

- The objective of the study was the optimization of nanoemulsion formulations to prevent their rapid systemic clearance after intravenous administration. An amphiphilic PEG derivative DSPE-PEG (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy-poly(polyethylene glycol) with different chain lengths and concentration was used as a nanoemulsion droplet surface modifier. The danazol loading in all nanoemulsions was kept on the same level of ∼2 mg/mL. In the present investigation, PEGylated and non-PEGylated nanoemulsions were compared in vitro phagocytosis by incubating with lung macrophages and in vivo after intravenous administration in rats. Danazol-containing nanoemulsions (NE) modified with various PEG chain lengths (2000-10 000) and concentrations (3-12 mg/mL) were prepared and characterized. Nanoemulsion droplets were reproducibly obtained in the size range of 213-340 nm. The non-PEGylated NE had the surface charge of -25.4 mV. This absolute charge value decreased with increasing chain length and concentration. With increase in chain length and density the macrophage uptake decreased which could be due to decrease in surface charge and hydrophilicity of droplets. The greatest shielding of the NE droplets was reached with DSPE-PEG5000 at the concentration of 6 mg/mL where the surface charge changed to -1.27 mV. Following intravenous administration a maximum danazol exposure (401 ± 68.2 h ng/mL) was observed with the lowest clearance rate (5.06 ± 0.95 L/h/kg) from 6 mg/mL DSPE-PEG5000 nanoemulsion. PEG5000 and PEG10000 altered the pharmacokinetic of danazol by decreasing clearance and volume of distribution which is likely explained by the presence of hydrophilic shields around the droplets that prevent their rapid systemic clearance and tissue partitioning.

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(1)163 of	(9)7 to	(17)3 were	(25)2 may
(2)56 was	(10)6 at	(18)3 without	(26)2 or
(3)44 and	(11)4 as	(19)2 (HR)	(27)2 per
(4)34 null	(12)4 from	(20)2 =	(28)2 product
(5)14 in	(13)4 variability	(21)2 by	(29)2 step
(6)9 is	(14)3 after	(22)2 compared	(30)2 that
(7)8 for	(15)3 coding	(23)2 due	(31)2 under
(8)7 than	(16)3 ranged	(24)2 enzyme	(32)2 which

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--- WordNet output for rate --- =>価格を評定する, 割合, 率, 歩合, 料金, 値段, 相場, 速度, 度合, 人を〜を思う, みなす, 価値がある, 人を〜とみなす, 科金, 評価する Overview of noun rate The noun rate has 4 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (68) rate -- (a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit; "they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour"; "the rate of change was faster than expected") 2. (39) rate, charge per unit -- (amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis; "a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5") 3. (1) pace, rate -- (the relative speed of progress or change; "he lived at a fast pace"; "he works at a great rate"; "the pace of events accelerated") 4. rate -- (a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure; "the literacy rate"; "the retention rate"; "the dropout rate") Overview of verb rate The verb rate has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (9) rate, rank, range, order, grade, place -- (assign a rank or rating to; "how would you rank these students?"; "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide") 2. (2) rate -- (be worthy of or have a certain rating; "This bond rates highly") 3. (1) rate, value -- (estimate the value of; "How would you rate his chances to become President?"; "Gold was rated highly among the Romans") --- WordNet end ---