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kwic search for reduced out of >500 occurrences
290904 occurrences (No.84 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache]
500 found
262) In MrpacC deletion strains, the chitinase but not protease activity was reduced, which was consistent with the downregulation of groups A and C chitinase genes.
* MrpacC regulates sporulation, insect cuticle penetration and immune evasion in Metarhizium robertsii.
- pH-responsive transcription factor of the PacC/Rim101 family governs adaptation to environment, development and virulence in many fungal pathogens. In this study, we report the functions of a PacC homologue, MrpacC, in an insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii. The gene was highly transcribed in the fungus in alkaline conditions, and deletion of MrpacC impaired fungal responses to ambient pH and salt/metal challenges but not osmotic stress. We found that MrpacC is required for fungal full virulence by contributing to penetration of insect cuticles, mycosis of insect cadavers and evasion of host immunity. In MrpacC deletion strains, the chitinase but not protease activity was reduced, which was consistent with the downregulation of groups A and C chitinase genes. Further, the glucosyltransferase genes involved in cell wall remodelling and protein glycosylation were upregulated in ΔMrpacC. MrpacC transcriptional control of chitinase and glucosyltransferase genes was verified both by the presence of PacC consensus binding motif in gene promoter regions and the promoter DNA-binding assays. The results of this study not only advances the understanding of PacC function in fungal development and virulence, but will also facilitate future studies on the mechanism(s) behind the selective control of target genes by PacC.
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Overview of verb reduce
The verb reduce has 20 senses (first 11 from tagged texts)
1. (102) reduce, cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut, bring down -- (cut down on;
make a reduction in; "reduce your daily fat intake"; "The employer wants to cut back health
benefits")
2. (9) reduce -- (make less complex; "reduce a problem to a single question")
3. (5) reduce -- (bring to humbler or weaker state or condition; "He reduced the population to
slavery")
4. (3) reduce -- (simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one
term for another)
5. (3) reduce -- (lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation; "She
reduced her niece to a servant")
6. (3) reduce, come down, boil down -- (be the essential element; "The proposal boils down to a
compromise")
7. (2) shrink, reduce -- (reduce in size; reduce physically; "Hot water will shrink the sweater";
"Can you shrink this image?")
8. (1) reduce -- (lessen and make more modest; "reduce one's standard of living")
9. (1) reduce, scale down -- (make smaller; "reduce an image")
10. (1) deoxidize, deoxidise, reduce -- (to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with
hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons)
11. (1) reduce, tighten -- (narrow or limit; "reduce the influx of foreigners")
12. repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate, reduce -- (put down by force or intimidation; "The
government quashes any attempt of an uprising"; "China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently";
"The rich landowners subjugated the peasants working the land")
13. reduce -- (undergo meiosis; "The cells reduce")
14. reduce -- (reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site)
15. reduce -- (destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it)
16. abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce -- (reduce in scope while
retaining essential elements; "The manuscript must be shortened")
17. boil down, reduce, decoct, concentrate -- (be cooked until very little liquid is left; "The
sauce should reduce to one cup")
18. reduce, boil down, concentrate -- (cook until very little liquid is left; "The cook reduced the
sauce by boiling it for a long time")
19. dilute, thin, thin out, reduce, cut -- (lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture;
"cut bourbon")
20. reduce, melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down -- (take off weight)
Overview of adj reduced
The adj reduced has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (6) decreased, reduced -- (made less in size or amount or degree)
2. (1) reduced, rock-bottom -- (well below normal (especially in price))
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