ELIZA

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343831 occurrences (No.54 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

336) The ability to increase activation in the prefrontal cortex over time may represent an early compensatory response during the premanifest stage, which may reflect an early marker for clinically relevant functional changes in HD.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24240602 DOI:10.1007/s00429-013-0670-z

2015 Brain structure & function

* Functional changes during working memory in Huntington's disease: 30-month longitudinal data from the IMAGE-HD study.

- We characterized 30-month longitudinal change in functional activation and connectivity during working memory in premanifest (pre-HD) and symptomatic (symp-HD) Huntington's disease (HD). In a case-control longitudinal study (baseline, 18 months, and 30 months), we compared change in fMRI activity over time during working memory in 22 pre-HD, 11 symp-HD, and 20 control participants. Outcome measures were BOLD (blood-oxygen-level-dependent) activity during 1-BACK and 2-BACK working memory and functional connectivity between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and caudate. Compared with controls, the pre-HD group showed significantly increased activation longitudinally during 1-BACK in the left DLPFC and medial frontal cortex, and further increased activation during 2-BACK in the bilateral caudate, putamen, and temporal cortex. Longitudinal change in symp-HD was not significantly different from controls. Longitudinal changes in pre-HD were associated with disease burden and years to onset. The pre-HD group showed longitudinal decreased functional connectivity between left DLPFC and caudate during both 1-BACK and 2-BACK performance. We provide an evidence for longitudinal changes in BOLD activity during working memory prior to clinical manifestations of HD. The ability to increase activation in the prefrontal cortex over time may represent an early compensatory response during the premanifest stage, which may reflect an early marker for clinically relevant functional changes in HD.

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(1)146 to	(14)4 proteins	(27)3 time	(40)2 following
(2)32 null	(15)4 rates	(28)3 times	(41)2 from
(3)31 and	(16)4 that	(29)3 which	(42)2 including
(4)22 of	(17)4 the	(30)2 (ABR)	(43)2 latency
(5)21 rate	(18)3 at	(31)2 (DDR)	(44)2 mediated
(6)14 was	(19)3 during	(32)2 (UPR)	(45)2 or
(7)13 in	(20)3 elements	(33)2 after	(46)2 rate)
(8)8 selection	(21)3 models	(34)2 are	(47)2 rates,
(9)7 surface	(22)3 options	(35)2 boundaries	(48)2 such
(10)6 data	(23)3 properties	(36)2 delays	(49)2 theory
(11)6 is	(24)3 strategies	(37)2 effects	(50)2 validity
(12)4 for	(25)3 style	(38)2 element	(51)2 were
(13)4 patterns	(26)3 suppression	(39)2 evaluation

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--- WordNet output for response --- =>反応, 応答, 返答, 返報, 反響, 答唱句 Overview of noun response The noun response has 7 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (11) response -- (a result; "this situation developed in response to events in Africa") 2. (11) reaction, response -- (a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some antecedent stimulus or agent; "a bad reaction to the medicine"; "his responses have slowed with age") 3. (6) answer, reply, response -- (a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation; "I waited several days for his answer"; "he wrote replies to several of his critics") 4. (4) reception, response -- (the manner in which something is greeted; "she did not expect the cold reception she received from her superiors") 5. (1) response -- (a phrase recited or sung by the congregation following a versicle by the priest or minister) 6. reply, response -- (the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange; "he growled his reply") 7. response -- (the manner in which an electrical or mechanical device responds to an input signal or a range of input signals) --- WordNet end ---