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421954 occurrences (No.40 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

331) Understanding how sex and ancestry influence nicotine metabolism genetics may improve personalized approaches for smoking cessation and risk prediction for tobacco-related diseases.

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PMID:34599228 DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-98883-z

2021 Scientific reports

* Analyses of nicotine metabolism biomarker genetics stratified by sex in African and European Americans.

- Nicotine is inactivated by the polymorphic CYP2A6 enzyme to cotinine and then to 3'hydroxycotinine. The Nicotine Metabolite Ratio (NMR; 3'hydroxycotinine/cotinine) is a heritable nicotine metabolism biomarker, varies with sex and ancestry, and influences smoking cessation and disease risk. We conducted sex-stratified genome-wide association studies of the NMR in European American (EA) and African American (AA) smokers (NCT01314001, NCT00666978). In EA females (n = 389) and males (n = 541), one significant (P < 5e-8) chromosome 19 locus was found (top variant: rs56113850, CYP2A6 (intronic), for C vs. T: females: beta = 0.67, P = 7.5e-22, 21.8% variation explained; males: beta = 0.75, P = 1.2e-37, 26.1% variation explained). In AA females (n = 503) and males (n = 352), the top variant was found on chromosome 19 but differed by sex (females: rs11878604, CYP2A6 (~ 16 kb 3'), for C vs. T: beta = - 0.71, P = 6.6e-26, 16.2% variation explained; males: rs3865454, CYP2A6 (~ 7 kb 3'), for G vs. T: beta = 0.64, P = 1.9e-19, 18.9% variation explained). In AA females, a significant region was found on chromosome 12 (top variant: rs12425845: P = 5.0e-9, TMEM132C (~ 1 Mb 5'), 6.1% variation explained) which was not significant in AA males. In AA males, significant regions were found on chromosomes 6 (top variant: rs9379805: P = 4.8e-9, SLC17A2 (~ 8 kb 5'), 8.0% variation explained) and 16 (top variant: rs77368288: P = 3.5e-8, ZNF469 (~ 92 kb 5'), 7.1% variation explained) which were not significant in AA females. Further investigation of these associations outside of chromosome 19 is required, as they did not replicate. Understanding how sex and ancestry influence nicotine metabolism genetics may improve personalized approaches for smoking cessation and risk prediction for tobacco-related diseases.

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[frequency of next (right) word to risk]

(1)139 of	(11)7 prediction	(21)3 decision	(31)2 markers
(2)49 factors	(12)6 stratification	(22)3 or	(32)2 mitigation
(3)46 for	(13)5 individuals	(23)3 patients	(33)2 population
(4)21 null	(14)4 genes	(24)2 (OR	(34)2 ratio
(5)19 factor	(15)4 populations	(25)2 among	(35)2 reduction
(6)16 and	(16)4 score	(26)2 communication	(36)2 screening
(7)13 assessment	(17)4 to	(27)2 communication,	(37)2 strategies
(8)12 in	(18)4 variants	(28)2 designations
(9)8 perception	(19)3 alleles	(29)2 group
(10)7 factors,	(20)3 assessment,	(30)2 is

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--- WordNet output for risk --- =>1.損害の恐れ, 危険, 冒険, リスク, 2.危険にさらす, 3.敢えてする, 被保険者, 被保険物, 危険にさらす, 賭けてみる Overview of noun risk The noun risk has 4 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (4) hazard, jeopardy, peril, risk, endangerment -- (a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune; "drinking alcohol is a health hazard") 2. (2) risk, peril, danger -- (a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury; "he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime"; "there was a danger he would do the wrong thing") 3. risk, risk of infection -- (the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred) 4. risk, risk of exposure -- (the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent) Overview of verb risk The verb risk has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (8) risk, put on the line, lay on the line -- (expose to a chance of loss or damage; "We risked losing a lot of money in this venture"; "Why risk your life?"; "She laid her job on the line when she told the boss that he was wrong") 2. (2) gamble, chance, risk, hazard, take chances, adventure, run a risk, take a chance -- (take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome; "When you buy these stocks you are gambling") --- WordNet end ---