ELIZA

return kwic search for system out of >500 occurrences
331253 occurrences (No.58 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

308) Currently, it is not known if the pattern of disordered activation in AD is more compatible with an over-sensitive reward system, a deficit in control systems or a combination of both to produce the high risk-taking behavior observed in alcohol dependents (ADs).

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24373127 DOI:10.1111/adb.12121

2015 Addiction biology

* Neural mechanisms of high-risk decisions-to-drink in alcohol-dependent women.

- A hallmark of alcohol dependence (AD) is continually drinking despite the risk of negative consequences. Currently, it is not known if the pattern of disordered activation in AD is more compatible with an over-sensitive reward system, a deficit in control systems or a combination of both to produce the high risk-taking behavior observed in alcohol dependents (ADs). Here, alcohol cues were used in an ecological decisions-to-drink task that involved high- and low-risk scenarios where the chance of serious negative imagined consequences was varied. Non-alcohol cues were included as control stimuli. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal change in 15 alcohol-dependent and 16 control women. This design allowed us to address two major questions concerning AD: first, is there a specific pattern of disordered activation that drives the heightened endorsement of high-risk decisions-to-drink in ADs? And, second, is that pattern specific to decisions-to-drink or does it generalize to other appetitive and/or neutral cues? The results showed that, during high-risk decisions-to-drink, alcohol-dependent women activated reward circuits, cognitive control circuits and regions of the default-mode network (DMN), while control women deactivated approach circuits and showed enhanced activation in regions of the DMN. Group differences were found only for decisions-to-drink, suggesting that they are specific to alcohol cues. Simultaneous activation of reward networks, cognitive control networks and the DMN in alcohol-dependent women suggests that over-endorsement of high-risk drinking decisions by alcohol-dependent women may be due to a problem with switching between different neural networks.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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[frequency of next (right) word to system]

(1)88 null	(12)6 by	(23)3 (ANS)	(34)2 diseases
(2)30 and	(13)6 has	(24)3 (CNS)	(35)2 including
(3)19 is	(14)5 are	(25)3 a	(36)2 involvement
(4)18 of	(15)5 might	(26)3 after	(37)2 known
(5)18 was	(16)5 the	(27)3 as	(38)2 on
(6)17 in	(17)4 Adhesive	(28)3 based	(39)2 one
(7)16 that	(18)4 can	(29)3 development	(40)2 plays
(8)15 for	(19)4 have	(30)3 we	(41)2 related
(9)13 to	(20)4 may	(31)2 (GIS)	(42)2 results
(10)8 which	(21)4 using	(32)2 containing	(43)2 used
(11)7 with	(22)4 were	(33)2 demonstrated

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--- WordNet output for system --- =>制度組織体系的方式, システム, 組織, 整然とした手順, (思想などの)体系, 体制 Overview of noun system The noun system has 9 senses (first 8 from tagged texts) 1. (43) system -- (instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity; "he bought a new stereo system"; "the system consists of a motor and a small computer") 2. (23) system, scheme -- (a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going") 3. (14) system -- ((physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium; "in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface"; "a system generating hydrogen peroxide") 4. (10) system, system of rules -- (a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; "they have to operate under a system they oppose"; "that language has a complex system for indicating gender") 5. (8) arrangement, organization, organisation, system -- (an organized structure for arranging or classifying; "he changed the arrangement of the topics"; "the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original"; "he tried to understand their system of classification") 6. (7) system -- (a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion") 7. (6) system -- (a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation") 8. (1) system -- (the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system") 9. organization, organisation, system -- (an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized; "his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality"; "we can't do it unless we establish some system around here") --- WordNet end ---