ELIZA

return kwic search for time out of >500 occurrences
357929 occurrences (No.51 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

52) In both clinical practice and research studies, AA tends to be measured manually which can be inconsistent and time-consuming.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:36072553 DOI:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16656.1

2021 Wellcome open research

* Deriving alpha angle from anterior-posterior dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans: an automated and validated approach.

- Introduction: Alpha angle (AA) is a widely used measure of hip shape that is commonly used to define cam morphology, a bulging of the lateral aspect of the femoral head. Cam morphology has shown strong associations with hip osteoarthritis (OA) making the AA a clinically relevant measure. In both clinical practice and research studies, AA tends to be measured manually which can be inconsistent and time-consuming. Objective: We aimed to (i) develop an automated method of deriving AA from anterior-posterior dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans; and (ii) validate this method against manual measures of AA. Methods: 6,807 individuals with left hip DXAs were selected from UK Biobank. Outline points were manually placed around the femoral head on 1,930 images before training a Random Forest-based algorithm to place the points on a further 4,877 images. An automatic method for calculating AA was written in Python 3 utilising these outline points. An iterative approach was taken to developing and validating the method, testing the automated measures against independent batches of manually measured images in sequential experiments. Results: Over the course of six experimental stages the concordance correlation coefficient, when comparing the automatic AA to manual measures of AA, improved from 0.28 [95% confidence interval 0.13-0.43] for the initial version to 0.88 [0.84-0.92] for the final version. The inter-rater kappa statistic comparing automatic versus manual measures of cam morphology, defined as AA ³≥60°, improved from 0.43 [80% agreement] for the initial version to 0.86 [94% agreement] for the final version. Conclusions: We have developed and validated an automated measure of AA from DXA scans, showing high agreement with manually measuring AA. The proposed method is available to the wider research community from Zenodo.

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(1)48 and	(16)5 course	(31)3 inhibition	(46)2 indoors
(2)47 null	(17)5 when	(32)3 on	(47)2 interaction
(3)22 of	(18)4 TCD	(33)3 we	(48)2 interval
(4)16 in	(19)4 at	(34)2 across	(49)2 period,
(5)15 to	(20)4 curve	(35)2 after	(50)2 periods
(6)13 points	(21)4 point	(36)2 along	(51)2 points,
(7)10 the	(22)4 profiles	(37)2 between	(52)2 points:
(8)8 spent	(23)4 were	(38)2 can	(53)2 polymerase
(9)7 period	(24)4 with	(39)2 compared	(54)2 required
(10)7 that	(25)3 a	(40)2 concentration-,	(55)2 scale
(11)6 characteristics	(26)3 data	(41)2 constraints	(56)2 since
(12)6 for	(27)3 during	(42)2 cross-network	(57)2 sleepiness
(13)6 is	(28)3 frame	(43)2 functional	(58)2 using
(14)6 was	(29)3 frames	(44)2 guideline	(59)2 will
(15)5 PCR	(30)3 horizon	(45)2 inactivation

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--- WordNet output for time --- =>1.時代, 季節, 歳月, 当時, 現代, 一生, 年季, 就業時間, 期間, 時刻, 時点, 機会, 拍子, 速度, 何度, 何回, 時, 時間, 回, 2.時間[速度]を測定する, 時間を決める, (装置などの)タイミングを調節する Overview of noun time The noun time has 10 senses (first 9 from tagged texts) 1. (219) time, clip -- (an instance or single occasion for some event; "this time he succeeded"; "he called four times"; "he could do ten at a clip") 2. (160) time -- (a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something; "take time to smell the roses"; "I didn't have time to finish"; "it took more than half my time") 3. (114) time -- (an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities); "he waited a long time"; "the time of year for planting"; "he was a great actor in his time") 4. (43) time -- (a suitable moment; "it is time to go") 5. (36) time -- (the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past) 6. (10) time -- (a person's experience on a particular occasion; "he had a time holding back the tears"; "they had a good time together") 7. (7) clock time, time -- (a reading of a point in time as given by a clock; "do you know what time it is?"; "the time is 10 o'clock") 8. (5) fourth dimension, time -- (the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event) 9. (1) meter, metre, time -- (rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration) 10. prison term, sentence, time -- (the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned; "he served a prison term of 15 months"; "his sentence was 5 to 10 years"; "he is doing time in the county jail") Overview of verb time The verb time has 5 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (4) clock, time -- (measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs an action in a certain period of time; "he clocked the runners") 2. (3) time -- (assign a time for an activity or event; "The candidate carefully timed his appearance at the disaster scene") 3. (1) time -- (set the speed, duration, or execution of; "we time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely") 4. time -- (regulate or set the time of; "time the clock") 5. time -- (adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time; "The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely") --- WordNet end ---