ELIZA

return kwic search for under out of >500 occurrences
321496 occurrences (No.66 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

134) On the other hand, in situ bioremediation is highly knowledge-intensive and its application requires a thorough understanding of the geochemistry, hydrogeology, microbiology and ecology of contaminated soils, groundwater and sediments, under both natural and engineered conditions.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24607450 DOI:10.1016/j.nbt.2014.02.011

2015 New biotechnology

* In situ groundwater and sediment bioremediation: barriers and perspectives at European contaminated sites.

- This paper contains a critical examination of the current application of environmental biotechnologies in the field of bioremediation of contaminated groundwater and sediments. Based on analysis of conventional technologies applied in several European Countries and in the US, scientific, technical and administrative barriers and constraints which still need to be overcome for an improved exploitation of bioremediation are discussed. From this general survey, it is evident that in situ bioremediation is a highly promising and cost-effective technology for remediation of contaminated soil, groundwater and sediments. The wide metabolic diversity of microorganisms makes it applicable to an ever-increasing number of contaminants and contamination scenarios. On the other hand, in situ bioremediation is highly knowledge-intensive and its application requires a thorough understanding of the geochemistry, hydrogeology, microbiology and ecology of contaminated soils, groundwater and sediments, under both natural and engineered conditions. Hence, its potential still remains partially unexploited, largely because of a lack of general consensus and public concerns regarding the lack of effectiveness and control, poor reliability, and possible occurrence of side effects, for example accumulation of toxic metabolites and pathogens. Basic, applied and pre-normative research are all needed to overcome these barriers and make in situ bioremediation more reliable, robust and acceptable to the public, as well as economically more competitive. Research efforts should not be restricted to a deeper understanding of relevant microbial reactions, but also include their interactions with the large array of other relevant phenomena, as a function of the truly variable site-specific conditions. There is a need for a further development and application of advanced biomolecular tools for site investigation, as well as of advanced metabolic and kinetic modelling tools. These would allow a quicker evaluation of the bioremediation potential of a site, and in turn a preliminary assessment of the technical feasibility of the chosen bioprocess which could replace or at least reduce the need for time-consuming and expensive field tests. At the same time, field tests will probably remain unavoidable for a detailed design of full scale remedial actions and the above reported tools will in any event be useful for a better design and a more reliable operation.

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(1)95 the	(18)4 these	(35)2 axial	(52)2 of
(2)13 different	(19)3 high	(36)2 censoring	(53)2 optimal
(3)12 a	(20)3 investigation	(37)2 clinical	(54)2 physiological
(4)9 general	(21)3 light	(38)2 consideration	(55)2 pulsatile
(5)8 both	(22)3 local	(39)2 controlled	(56)2 scanning
(6)8 which	(23)3 mechanical	(40)2 current	(57)2 serum-free
(7)7 various	(24)2 null	(41)2 evaluation	(58)2 several
(8)6 conditions	(25)2 12	(42)2 ex	(59)2 simulated
(9)6 curve	(26)2 15	(43)2 extreme	(60)2 specific
(10)6 static	(27)2 2	(44)2 four	(61)2 steady-state
(11)5 and	(28)2 CA	(45)2 hypertensive	(62)2 therapy
(12)4 5	(29)2 CT	(46)2 hypoxia	(63)2 this
(13)4 certain	(30)2 H2O2-induced	(47)2 hypoxic	(64)2 time
(14)4 control	(31)2 UV	(48)2 inflammatory	(65)2 treatment
(15)4 either	(32)2 acute	(49)2 laser	(66)2 ultrasound
(16)4 in	(33)2 additive	(50)2 lateral	(67)2 vertical
(17)4 normal	(34)2 adverse	(51)2 mortality	(68)2 water

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--- WordNet output for under --- =>以下の, (治療, 試練, 刑罰)を受けて, 下部の, の下に, ・・の下に Overview of adj under The adj under has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (2) nether, under -- (located below or beneath something else; "nether garments"; "the under parts of a machine") 2. (1) under -- (lower in rank, power, or authority; "an under secretary") Overview of adv under The adv under has 8 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (2) under -- (down to defeat, death, or ruin; "their competitors went under") 2. under -- (through a range downward; "children six and under will be admitted free") 3. under -- (into unconsciousness; "this will put the patient under") 4. under -- (in or into a state of subordination or subjugation; "we must keep our disappointment under") 5. under -- (below some quantity or limit; "fifty dollars or under") 6. under -- (below the horizon; "the sun went under") 7. under -- (down below; "get under quickly!") 8. under, below -- (further down; "see under for further discussion") --- WordNet end ---