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- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

return kwic search for used to out of >500 occurrences
298981 occurrences (No.78 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
17) In vitro fertilization (IVF) can be used to assess the fertilization capacity of sperm.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:24286139 DOI:10.1017/S0967199413000518
2015 Zygote (Cambridge, England)
* Fertilization capacity of cryopreserved Iberian ibex epididymal sperm in a heterologous in vitro fertilization assay.
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) can be used to assess the fertilization capacity of sperm. Heterologous IVF may be useful when assessing that of wild animals as it is often difficult to obtain adequate numbers of naturally corresponding oocytes. The aim of the present study was to assess the fertilization capacity of frozen-thawed ibex epididymal spermatozoa via heterologous IVF involving the oocytes of prepubertal domestic goats. The effect on fertilization and embryo development of adding oestrous sheep serum (ESS) to the fertilization medium was also examined. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in TCM-199 for 24-27 h at 38.5°C in a 5% CO2 in air atmosphere. Frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa were selected by density gradient centrifugation. After maturation, the oocytes were co-incubated with spermatozoa in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) with different concentrations of ESS: SOF-C (0%), SOF-2 (2%) and SOF-20 (20%). At 17 h post-insemination (hpi), zygotes with one female and one male pronucleus (2PN) were categorised as normal; zygotes with 3PN were recorded as polyspermic, and oocytes with 1PN as asynchronous. Cleavage and blastocyst development were assessed at 48 and 168 hpi respectively. The percentage of zygotes with 2PN was higher in the SOF-2 than in the SOF-20 treatment group (27.7% versus 2.9% P < 0.05). The percentage of blastocysts formed with the SOF-C, SOF-2 and SOF-20 treatments were 1.1%, 7.5% and 0% respectively. These results show that the presence of 2% ESS achieves better results than the use of no serum or the standard 20% concentration. Heterologous IVF may be an effective method for predicting the fertilization capacity of ibex spermatozoa, and therefore perhaps that of other wild mountain ungulates.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
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[frequency of next (right) word to used to]
(1)28 assess (20)5 design (39)3 establish (58)2 find
(2)28 identify (21)5 increase (40)3 observe (59)2 fit
(3)23 evaluate (22)5 inform (41)3 prevent (60)2 form
(4)20 study (23)5 obtain (42)3 solve (61)2 further
(5)17 estimate (24)5 quantify (43)3 validate (62)2 gain
(6)17 measure (25)5 reconstruct (44)2 accurately (63)2 help
(7)16 determine (26)4 calculate (45)2 address (64)2 improve
(8)16 examine (27)4 characterize (46)2 amplify (65)2 make
(9)12 explore (28)4 confirm (47)2 avoid (66)2 match
(10)10 treat (29)4 construct (48)2 be (67)2 optimize
(11)9 analyze (30)4 illustrate (49)2 conduct (68)2 perform
(12)8 develop (31)4 reduce (50)2 create (69)2 prepare
(13)8 investigate (32)4 screen (51)2 demonstrate (70)2 produce
(14)8 predict (33)4 simulate (52)2 derive (71)2 promote
(15)7 collect (34)4 verify (53)2 describe (72)2 recruit
(16)7 compare (35)3 classify (54)2 distinguish (73)2 represent
(17)7 test (36)3 compute (55)2 explain (74)2 select
(18)6 analyse (37)3 control (56)2 extrapolate
(19)6 detect (38)3 define (57)2 facilitate

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--- WordNet output for used --- =>1.〜に慣れて, 2.用いられた, 中古の Overview of verb use The verb use has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (603) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ -- (put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at home"; "I can't use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesn't know how to use a computer") 2. (12) use, habituate -- (take or consume (regularly or habitually); "She uses drugs rarely") 3. (8) use, expend -- (use up, consume fully; "The legislature expended its time on school questions") 4. use -- (seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage; "She uses her influential friends to get jobs"; "The president's wife used her good connections") 5. practice, apply, use -- (avail oneself to; "apply a principle"; "practice a religion"; "use care when going down the stairs"; "use your common sense"; "practice non-violent resistance") 6. use -- (habitually do something (use only in the past tense); "She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally"; "I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall"; "They used to vacation in the Bahamas") Overview of adj used The adj used has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (4) used -- (employed in accomplishing something; "the principle of surprise is the most used and misused of all the principles of war"- H.H.Arnold & I.C.Eaker) 2. (1) exploited, ill-used, put-upon, used, victimized, victimised -- (of persons; taken advantage of; "after going out of his way to help his friend get the job he felt not appreciated but used") 3. (1) secondhand, used -- (previously used or owned by another; "bought a secondhand (or used) car") --- WordNet end ---