ELIZA

return kwic search for used to out of >500 occurrences
298981 occurrences (No.78 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

251) In addition, to aid with the interpretation of studies, standardized disease outcomes should be used to improve the utility of this primary research.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:33741152 DOI:10.3168/jds.2020-19645

2021 Journal of dairy science

* Predicting morbidity and mortality using automated milk feeders: A scoping review.

- Automated milk feeders (AMF) are computerized systems that provide producers with a tool that can be used to more efficiently raise dairy calves and allow for easier implementation of a high plane of nutrition during the milk feeding phase. Automated milk feeders also have the ability to track individualized behavioral data, such as milk consumption, drinking speed, and the number of rewarded and unrewarded visits to the feeder, that could potentially be used to predict disease development. The objective of this scoping review was to characterize the body of literature investigating the use of AMF data to predict morbidity and mortality in dairy calves during the preweaning stage. This review lists the parameters that have been examined for associations with disease in calves and identify discrepancies found in the literature. Five databases and relevant conference proceedings were searched. Eligible studies focused on the use of behavioral parameters measured by AMF to predict morbidity or mortality in preweaned dairy calves. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts from 6,675 records identified during the literature search. After title and abstract screening, 382 studies were included and then assessed at the full-text level. Of these, 56 studies fed calves using an AMF and provided some measure of morbidity or mortality. Thirteen examined AMF parameters for associations with morbidity or mortality. The studies were completed in North America (n = 6), Europe (n = 6), and New Zealand (n = 1). The studies varied in sample size, ranging from 30 to 1,052 calves with a median of 100 calves. All 13 studies included enteric disease as an outcome and 11 studies evaluated respiratory disease. Of the studies measuring enteric disease, 8 provided disease definitions (n = 8/13, 61.2%); however, for respiratory disease, only 5 provided a disease definition (n = 5/11, 45.5%). Disease definitions and thresholds varied greatly between studies, with 10 using some form of health scoring. When evaluating feeding metrics as indicators of disease, all 13 studies investigated milk consumption and 6 and 7 studies investigated drinking speed and number of rewarded and unrewarded visits, respectively. Overall, this scoping review identified that daily milk consumption, drinking speed, and rewarded and unrewarded visits may provide insight into early disease detection in preweaned dairy calves. However, the disparity in reporting of study designs and results between included studies made comparisons challenging. In addition, to aid with the interpretation of studies, standardized disease outcomes should be used to improve the utility of this primary research.

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[frequency of next (right) word to used to]

(1)44 identify	(17)7 improve	(33)4 select	(49)2 gauge
(2)32 assess	(18)6 compare	(34)4 validate	(50)2 increase
(3)20 evaluate	(19)6 create	(35)3 analyse	(51)2 knock
(4)19 treat	(20)6 inform	(36)3 collect	(52)2 make
(5)14 predict	(21)6 test	(37)3 construct	(53)2 manipulate
(6)14 study	(22)6 understand	(38)3 demonstrate	(54)2 monitor
(7)13 measure	(23)5 address	(39)3 explore	(55)2 overcome
(8)12 investigate	(24)4 calculate	(40)3 help	(56)2 perform
(9)11 determine	(25)4 conduct	(41)3 induce	(57)2 provide
(10)11 examine	(26)4 define	(42)3 mimic	(58)2 reduce
(11)11 guide	(27)4 deliver	(43)2 acquire	(59)2 refer
(12)10 analyze	(28)4 describe	(44)2 better	(60)2 simulate
(13)9 estimate	(29)4 detect	(45)2 characterize	(61)2 track
(14)9 quantify	(30)4 generate	(46)2 confirm
(15)9 support	(31)4 obtain	(47)2 design
(16)8 develop	(32)4 search	(48)2 enhance

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--- WordNet output for used --- =>1.〜に慣れて, 2.用いられた, 中古の Overview of verb use The verb use has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (603) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ -- (put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at home"; "I can't use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesn't know how to use a computer") 2. (12) use, habituate -- (take or consume (regularly or habitually); "She uses drugs rarely") 3. (8) use, expend -- (use up, consume fully; "The legislature expended its time on school questions") 4. use -- (seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage; "She uses her influential friends to get jobs"; "The president's wife used her good connections") 5. practice, apply, use -- (avail oneself to; "apply a principle"; "practice a religion"; "use care when going down the stairs"; "use your common sense"; "practice non-violent resistance") 6. use -- (habitually do something (use only in the past tense); "She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally"; "I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall"; "They used to vacation in the Bahamas") Overview of adj used The adj used has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (4) used -- (employed in accomplishing something; "the principle of surprise is the most used and misused of all the principles of war"- H.H.Arnold & I.C.Eaker) 2. (1) exploited, ill-used, put-upon, used, victimized, victimised -- (of persons; taken advantage of; "after going out of his way to help his friend get the job he felt not appreciated but used") 3. (1) secondhand, used -- (previously used or owned by another; "bought a secondhand (or used) car") --- WordNet end ---