ELIZA cgi-bash version rev. 1.90
- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

return kwic search for used to out of >500 occurrences
298981 occurrences (No.78 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]
26) Furthermore, heterozygous mutants of Drosophila carrying the apoptotic genes, reaper and dronc, were used to assess the role of apoptosis in fungal VOCs mediated toxicity.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:24307503 DOI:10.1002/tox.21933
2015 Environmental toxicology
* Volatile organic compounds from fungi isolated after hurricane katrina induce developmental defects and apoptosis in a Drosophila melanogaster model.
- In previous work, our laboratory developed a Drosophila model for studying the adverse effects of fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by growing cultures of molds. In this report, we have extended these studies and compared the toxic effects of fungal VOCs emitted from living cultures of four molds isolated after Hurricane Katrina from a flooded home in New Orleans. Strains of Aspergillus, Mucor, Penicillium, and Trichoderma were grown with wild-type larvae and the toxic effects of volatile products on the developmental stages of Drosophila larvae were evaluated. Furthermore, heterozygous mutants of Drosophila carrying the apoptotic genes, reaper and dronc, were used to assess the role of apoptosis in fungal VOCs mediated toxicity. Third-instar larvae of Drosophila carrying these apoptotic genes were exposed to fungal VOCs emitted from growing mold cultures for 10 days. The larval strains carrying apoptopic genes survived longer than the control wild type larvae; moreover, of those that survived, heterozygous reaper and dronc strains progressed to pupae and adult phases more rapidly, suggesting that fungal VOCs may induce apoptotic changes in flies. These data lend support to the use of Drosophila as an inexpensive and genetically versatile toxicological model to investigate the mechanistic basis for some of the human illnesses/symptoms associated with exposure to mold-contaminated indoor air, especially after hurricanes.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
[
right
kwic]
[frequency of next (right) word to used to]
(1)28 assess (20)5 design (39)3 establish (58)2 find
(2)28 identify (21)5 increase (40)3 observe (59)2 fit
(3)23 evaluate (22)5 inform (41)3 prevent (60)2 form
(4)20 study (23)5 obtain (42)3 solve (61)2 further
(5)17 estimate (24)5 quantify (43)3 validate (62)2 gain
(6)17 measure (25)5 reconstruct (44)2 accurately (63)2 help
(7)16 determine (26)4 calculate (45)2 address (64)2 improve
(8)16 examine (27)4 characterize (46)2 amplify (65)2 make
(9)12 explore (28)4 confirm (47)2 avoid (66)2 match
(10)10 treat (29)4 construct (48)2 be (67)2 optimize
(11)9 analyze (30)4 illustrate (49)2 conduct (68)2 perform
(12)8 develop (31)4 reduce (50)2 create (69)2 prepare
(13)8 investigate (32)4 screen (51)2 demonstrate (70)2 produce
(14)8 predict (33)4 simulate (52)2 derive (71)2 promote
(15)7 collect (34)4 verify (53)2 describe (72)2 recruit
(16)7 compare (35)3 classify (54)2 distinguish (73)2 represent
(17)7 test (36)3 compute (55)2 explain (74)2 select
(18)6 analyse (37)3 control (56)2 extrapolate
(19)6 detect (38)3 define (57)2 facilitate

add keyword

--- WordNet output for used --- =>1.〜に慣れて, 2.用いられた, 中古の Overview of verb use The verb use has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (603) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ -- (put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at home"; "I can't use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesn't know how to use a computer") 2. (12) use, habituate -- (take or consume (regularly or habitually); "She uses drugs rarely") 3. (8) use, expend -- (use up, consume fully; "The legislature expended its time on school questions") 4. use -- (seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage; "She uses her influential friends to get jobs"; "The president's wife used her good connections") 5. practice, apply, use -- (avail oneself to; "apply a principle"; "practice a religion"; "use care when going down the stairs"; "use your common sense"; "practice non-violent resistance") 6. use -- (habitually do something (use only in the past tense); "She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally"; "I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall"; "They used to vacation in the Bahamas") Overview of adj used The adj used has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (4) used -- (employed in accomplishing something; "the principle of surprise is the most used and misused of all the principles of war"- H.H.Arnold & I.C.Eaker) 2. (1) exploited, ill-used, put-upon, used, victimized, victimised -- (of persons; taken advantage of; "after going out of his way to help his friend get the job he felt not appreciated but used") 3. (1) secondhand, used -- (previously used or owned by another; "bought a secondhand (or used) car") --- WordNet end ---