* Exercise-induced ischemic preconditioning detected by sequential exercise stress tests: a meta-analysis.
- Exercise-induced ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can be assessed with the second exercise stress test during sequential testing. Exercise-induced IPC is defined as the time to 1 mm ST segment depression (STD), the rate-pressure product (RPP) at 1 mm STD, the maximal ST depression and the rate-pressure product at peak exercise. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to validate the parameters used to assess exercise-induced IPC in the scientific community. A literature search was performed using electronic database. The main key words were limited to human studies, which were (a) ischemic preconditioning, (b) warm-up phenomenon, and (c) exercise. Meta-analyses were performed on the study-specific mean difference between the clinical measures obtained in the two consecutive stress tests (second minus first test score). Random effect models were fitted with inverse variance weighting to provide greater weight to studies with larger sample size and more precise estimates. The search resulted in 309 articles of which 34 were included after revision (1053 patients). Results are: (a) time to 1 mm ST segment depression increased by 91 s (95% confidence interval (CI): 75-108), p < 0.001; (b) peak ST depression decreased by -0.38 mm (95% CI: -0.66 to -0.10), p < 0.01; and (c) rate-pressure product at 1 mm STD increased by 1.80 × 10(3)mmHg (95% CI: 1.0-2.0), p < 0.001. This is the first meta-analysis to set clinical parameters to assess the benefit of exercise-induced ischemic preconditioning in sequential stress testing. The results of this first meta-analysis on the sequential stress test confirm what is presented in the literature by independent studies on exercise-induced ischemic preconditioning. From now on, the results could be used in further research to set standardized parameters to assess the phenomenon.
=>1.〜に慣れて, 2.用いられた, 中古の
Overview of verb use
The verb use has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (603) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ -- (put into service; make work or employ for a
particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at
home"; "I can't use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many
projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the
plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesn't know how to use a computer")
2. (12) use, habituate -- (take or consume (regularly or habitually); "She uses drugs rarely")
3. (8) use, expend -- (use up, consume fully; "The legislature expended its time on school
questions")
4. use -- (seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage; "She uses her influential friends to
get jobs"; "The president's wife used her good connections")
5. practice, apply, use -- (avail oneself to; "apply a principle"; "practice a religion"; "use care
when going down the stairs"; "use your common sense"; "practice non-violent resistance")
6. use -- (habitually do something (use only in the past tense); "She used to call her mother every
week but now she calls only occasionally"; "I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall";
"They used to vacation in the Bahamas")
Overview of adj used
The adj used has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (4) used -- (employed in accomplishing something; "the principle of surprise is the most used and
misused of all the principles of war"- H.H.Arnold & I.C.Eaker)
2. (1) exploited, ill-used, put-upon, used, victimized, victimised -- (of persons; taken advantage
of; "after going out of his way to help his friend get the job he felt not appreciated but used")
3. (1) secondhand, used -- (previously used or owned by another; "bought a secondhand (or used)
car")
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